WOMEN IN INFORMAL SECTOR – A PROBIT ANALYTICAL STUDY
Journal Title: International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences (IJPSS) - Year 2012, Vol 2, Issue 9
Abstract
Women community equals men in population. But it is a subject of concern to note that, women are treated as second citizens, subordinate to men. According to World Labour Report (1992), in advanced countries, in organized sector, women’s pay has been around 50% of the men’s pay. Similar views were highlighted in the United Nation’s Report (1995) which stated that the returns on her labour are lower than that of men, partly because of over discrimination, partly because she has acquired fewer marketable skills and partly because of imperfections in the market forces. As a result, women are frequently confined to less paid and casual segments of the labour market. In India, women constitute nearly 48% of the population but their participation in economic activity is only 25.7% (Census, 2001). Besides, their work in the production of goods and services for the market do not get compounded in the market oriented concepts of income and employment due to its being seasonal, intermittent, casual and subsidiary to their household work (Dhameja, 2004). Women are unpaid and underpaid. They work for longer hours than men yet their work is not recognized. The Shramsakthi Report (1988) stated that ‘In India, women work for longer hours and contribute more than men in terms of total labour energy spent, with the workday of 10 to 12 hours of unpaid labour outside the home’. Women are deprived and marginalized. The effect of this economic inequality is mirrored in the social scenario, where a small percentage of population is becoming more and more prosperous and nearly two-thirds of the population still remains poor and untouched of technological progress.
Authors and Affiliations
Vennila Gopal, Dr. K. Shobha
Keywords
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