ЗМІСТОВЕ НАПОВНЕННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «МОРАЛЬНО ДЕФЕКТИВНИЙ» В ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ НАУЦІ КІНЦЯ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Journal Title: Інноватика у вихованні - Year 2019, Vol 0, Issue 9
Abstract
The content of the concept “morally defective” based on the analysis of the views of famous teachers, psychologists, pedologists of the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century (I. Ariamov, P. Belskyi, P. Blonskyi, L. Vyhotskyi, V.Kashchenko, N. Krupska, A. Makarenko, V. Soroka-Rosynskyi, N. Tarasevych, H. Troshyn, H. Fortunatov, etc.) is revealed. It was found that a child whose behavior did not meet the standards of public morality was characterized by the concept being studied. Both young criminals and hundreds of thousands of homeless who were in the street as a result of social cataclysms were ranked as “defective”. A large and heterogeneous group of children, whose representatives differed from the desired norm in their development and behavior, were called “morally defective”. As Ukrainian teachers, psychologists, pedologists (P. Belskiy, V. Kashchenko, etc.) considered the theory of moral defectiveness to be biologizing in its essence, therefore, such abilities as assimilation and observance of the moral norm, were recognized by them as innate, and deviations in behavior, the offenses were regarded as the result of genetically predisposed degenerative processes, that can be aggravated or weakened under the influence of the environment. On the other hand, P. Blonskyi, L. Vyhotskyi, N. Tarasevych, V. Soroka-Rosynskyi and others considered morality as a complex phenomenon, having not biological, but social roots. Supporters of sociologizing theory explained the reasons for moral defectiveness by the socio-economic and cultural-pedagogical conditions in which the child was growing up. The psychological problems of such children were interpreted as a consequence of the stresses that arose as a result of the war, revolution and radical changes through which the generation of children of the studied period passed. In the early 30’s of the 20th century in the context of state policy, scientists practically stopped using the notion of “morally defective” as ideologically problematic to refer to children with various disorders, instead, the concept of "difficult" children began to be actively used.
Authors and Affiliations
Марія Бондарець
Keywords
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- EP ID EP671522
- DOI 10.35619/iiu.v0i9.138
- Views 180
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