A Prospective Study of Clinical Profile of Occular Manifestations in Head Injury
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2019, Vol 18, Issue 2
Abstract
Introduction: Head injuries are frequently associated with ophthalmic manifestations and consequent morbidity1 .Head injuries cause the hospitalization of 200-300 persons per 100,000 populations per year, and about 25% of these are associated with ocular and visual defects.2 The role of ocular injuries secondary to head trauma in the causation of blindness has become a subject of immense importance.3 Materials and Methods: The study comprised a prospective analysis of 180 patients diagnosed as having closed head injury by the neurosurgical team. They were hospitalized for varying periods between June 2017 and June 2018 at the Ophthalmology Department, Regional Eye Hospital, Kurnool. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) were applied to grade the severity of the head injury and to assess the prognosis in all cases. Ophthalmic assessment of all the patients was carried out within 12 h irrespective of the presence or absence of ocular involvement. All the cases were reviewed daily by the same ophthalmic team until the patients were discharged from the hospital. Results: Out of 180 cases of head injury, 167 cases (91%) were male and 17 cases (9%) were female. Age of the patients ranged from 3 to 75 years with a mean of 28.68 years (±8.78 years). Young adult males (16-30 years) were the major group who sustained head injury, i.e., 124 of the 180 of head injury cases. The incidence of head injury was less during childhood, peaked in the third decades of life, and thereafter declined. Conclusion: Head injury has high incidence, of ocular manifestations. Hence ocular manifestations should be carefully looked for in each case of head injury. Third nerve is seen to be more commonly involved in frontal region injuries while sixth nerve is more frequently associated with parietal region injuries. Patients with bilaterally dilated or pinpoint fixed pupils had higher risk of mortality hence careful examination of pupillary signs can go a long way in predicting prognosis as well as management of head injury.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. D. Kalyan Chakravarthy, Dr. k. Revathy, Dr. M. Satyanarayana Reddy, Dr. N. Kasturibai
Keywords
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- EP ID EP467781
- DOI 10.9790/0853-1802162831.
- Views 63
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