ALZHEIMER‘S DISEASE: RISK FACTORS, ETHICOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Journal Title: Българско списание за обществено здраве (Bulgarian Journal of Public Health) - Year 2018, Vol 0, Issue 2
Abstract
Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) is a socially significant, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by worsening of cognitive functions, impairment of behavioral functions, reduction of daily activities, associated functional decline, and ultimately the death of a patient occurs. There are numerous hypotheses about the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Heredity is perceived by many scientists as a cause of AD, but it is assumed that still unidentified factors play an important role, as genetic, for the emergence of AD. One of the important pathogenetic hypotheses for AD is cholinergic, which is connected with degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal nuclei, which is associated with cognitive deficits. Pathognomonic markers of the disease include senile plaques (SPs) made up of beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Precise and early diagnosis of AD in recent years has been made possible by the introduction and improvement of a number of precise neuropsychological tests, methods of clinical, imaging, functional, nuclear diagnostics (18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)), Study of biological markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - total tau protein, phosphorelated tau protein and the beta amyloid protein (Aβ1-42); the ratio of Т-tau2 /P-tau3 , the ratio Aβ42/Aβ40, the ratio of T-tau/Aβ42, synaptic markers, and others.
Authors and Affiliations
Iliana Yaneva, Valentin Balabanski, Evgeni Grigorov
Keywords
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