ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF UV RADIATION ON DEVELOPMENT AND PRO-DUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS CROPS
Journal Title: Світлотехніка та електроенергетика - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue
Abstract
The article shows that by now a considerable experimental material has been accumulated about the biological effects that UV radiation exerts on agricultural crops. The development of plants throughout the life cycle is regulated by photoreceptors. Plants are able to distinguish almost all characteristics of radiation - wavelength, duration of irradiation, direction, using three main classes of photoreceptors "recognizing" different wavelengths. Functionally interconnected these photoreceptors run the plant development programs and coordinate the circadian rhythms of their biological processes. UV-A radiation and blue light absorb cryptochromes, phototropins-cryptochromes, phototropins and recently discovered ZTL photoreceptors. Cryptochromes are involved in regulating deethiolation, setting up circadian rhythms, and induction of flowering. Phototropins are responsible for such responses as chloroplast movement, phototropism and the discovery of stomata, and also participate in a number of processes that optimize the intensity of photosynthesis and stimulate growth. The photoreceptor in the UV-B region (280-320 nm) is the nuclear protein UVR8. When the photon of radiation is absorbed, both the general processes of photomorphogenesis (for example, unfolding the cotyledons) and the important mechanisms of protection from UV irradiation are triggered. The physiological role of UVR8 is associated with changes in gene expression, acclimatization and resistance to UV-B radiation, and inhibition of hypocotyl growth. The effect of UV radiation on plants in the range of 280-320 nm covers all levels of bioregulation, as well as signaling, regulatory and energy functions. UV-B irradiation forms stronger and harder leaves, a compact form of plants, increases the concentration of essential oils in herbs, increases resistance to short-wave UV radiation. UV-C radiation is hazardous to plants. The most sensitive target of UV-C is DNA, which absorbs radiation with a maximum of about 260 nm. In the irradiated cells, mutations can appear, as well as breaks in the DNA strand and the DNA-protein cross-linking. A negative effect on the plant can also be caused by an increased level of UV-B irradiation, which can suppress the growth and development of plants, have genotoxic effects on the meristem, influence pollination and reduce seed production, and also complicate certain plant diseases. The article draws conclusions about the advisability of UV-A and UV-B radiation in irradiation plants for growing plants in a closed ground and the development of studies aimed at optimizing the use of UV radiation to increase the productivity of specific crops.
Authors and Affiliations
Григорій Кожушко, Тамара Сахно, Анатолій Семенов
Keywords
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