Anti-inflammatory and side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
Journal Title: Pharmacological Reports - Year 2007, Vol 59, Issue 3
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs in inflammatory diseases, since they are effective in management of pain, fever, redness, edema arising as a consequence of inflammatory mediator release. Studies have shown that both therapeutic and side effects of NSAIDs are dependent on cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. COX isoforms have been named constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2). COX-1 catalyzes formation of cytoprotective prostaglandins in thrombocytes, vascular endothelium, stomach mucosa, kidneys, pancreas, Langerhans islets, seminal vesicles, and brain. Induction of COX-2 by various growth factors, proinflammatory agents, endotoxins, mitogens, and tumor agents indicates that this isoform may have a role in induction of pathological processes, such as inflammation. It is well known that therapy with COX inhibitors is associated with a number of side effects including gastrointestinal erosions, and renal and hepatic insufficiency. Such critical adverse reactions are mostly dependent on COX-1 inhibition. As a result of research focused on reduction of the adverse effects of NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib have been developed. However, many data demonstrate that mechanisms of action of these drugs are multidirectional and complex. These drugs or their derivatives, which belong to the same group, have distinct pharmacological effects, side effects and potencies which implies that there may be more than two, five or even tens of COX isoforms.
Authors and Affiliations
Halis Süleyman, Berna Demircan, Yalçin Karagöz
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP118472
- DOI -
- Views 83
- Downloads 0
Peripheral antinociceptive effects of MC4 receptor antagonists in a rat model of neuropathic pain - a biochemical and behavioral study.
Recent studies have suggested that melanocortins contribute to the generation and/or maintenance of pathological pain. Experimental evidence indicates a primary role for melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptors in pathological pai...
Enhanced oxidative stress in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Elevated plasma levels of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers have been reported in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The aim of the current study was to determine whether HCM is associated wi...
Trans-species assessment of antidepressant activity in a rodent model of depression.
Olfactory bulbectomy (OB), a preclinical model of depression, has most often been performed and validated in rats, but not as comprehensively in other rodent species. This study demonstrated that bulbectomy induced a hyp...
Central effect of histamine in a rat model of acute trigeminal pain.
In conscious rats implanted with an intracerebroventricular (icv) cannula, effect of icv injections of histamine, chlorpheniramine (H(1)-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (H(2)-receptor blocker) was investigated in a r...
Antiproliferative activity of various Uncaria tomentosa preparations on HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.
The woody Amazonian vine Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) has been recently more and more popular all over the world as an immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory and anti-cancer remedy. This study investigates anti-proliferati...