Біологічні аспекти малярії: переносники
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
For many years malaria remains an important global problem, especially for tropical countries. Due to migration processes, this disease is spreading again in the countries of Europe, including Ukraine, where mortality from it is registered more and more often [4]. The main vector of malaria pathogens in Palaearctic is a complex of An. maculipennis mosquitoes [8]. The greatest threat can cause species, whose biological properties can increase the rate of mosquitoes and human encounters: high numbers, the ability to develop in anthropogenic biotopes, high level of anthropophilia, endophagia and endophilia [3, 12, 26, 27]. The aim of the article is to conduct the scientific research of the current situation with studying of malaria mosquitoes. With the help of populative-genetical analysis a differential diagnostics of species of maculippenss complex is established. It is proved, that the most prevalent among malarial mosquitoes in Palaearctic is Anopheles messeae Falleroni. This mosquito is characterized by different types of chromosome rearrangements which form karyotype reserve [18]. V.B. Shuvalikov [26] conducted the long-term studies of the genetic structure of two populations of larva An. messeae in the Lower Dnieper. As a result, a clear interpopulative differentiation was established based on the level of inversions of 3L1 in the third chromosome. The inversional polymorphism of An. messeae populations was found in studies by Perovozkin V.P. and et al. [18] conducted in Central Europe (Germany, Poland, Belarus) during 52° n. b. It was also discovered that An. messeae is characterized by species and genomic polymorphism by the molecular forms of ITS2 [5, 8]. In addition to the genetic study of mosquitoes, eco-faunal studies are important for entomologists-practitioners. With the help of eco-faunal studies of hemopoietic mosquitoes in Kyiv Kіlochitska N.P. [12, 15] believes that Anopheles messeae in urbanized areas is eurigamous, eurytopic and most of all endophylic genus. Today, the fauna of malarial mosquitoes in Ukraine has 7 species: Anopheles messeae, An. maculipennis, An. atroparvus, An. plumbeus, An. hyrcanus, An. claviger and An. algeriensis [10]. Conclusions. 1. With the help of populative-genetical methods it was discovered, that the most prevalent among malaria mosquitoes of Palaearctic is polymorphic genus Anopheles messeae. It is characterized by inversion polymorphism of populations and species and genomic polymorphism by molecular forms ITS2. 2. Ecological and fauna researches of An. messeae in urbanized areas showed, that this genus is eurigamous, eurytopic and most of all endophylic. 3. Fauna of malarial mosquitoes in Ukraine has 7 species: Anopheles messeae, An. maculipennis, An. atroparvus, An. plumbeus, An. hyrcanus, An. claviger and An. algeriensis. Regional eco-faunal studies are required to establish their epidemiological significance. Проанализировано современное состояние исследований малярийних комаров комплекса maculipennis. Для диференцированной диагностики видов используются популяционно-генетические методы. Установлено, что наибольшую распространенность среди малярийных комаров Палеарктики имеет полиморфный вид Anopheles messeae Falleroni, 1926. Эколого-фаунистические исследования An. messeae на урбанизированных территориях показали, что он эвригамный, эвритопный и преимущественно эндофильный вид. Фауна малярийных комаров Украины насчитывает 7 видов: An. messeae, An. maculipennis, An. atroparvus, An. plumbeus, An. hyrcanus, An. claviger, An. algeriensis. Для установления их эпидемиологического значения необходимы мониторинговые региональные эколого-фаунистические исследования.
Authors and Affiliations
Павліченко В. І. , Приходько О. Б. , Ємець Т. І. , Малєєва Г. Ю. Pavlichenko V. I. , Prikhodko O. B. , Yemets T. I. , Malеeva G. Yu.
Keywords
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