Biomechanical masticatory occlusion under the conditions of physiological norm and after a complete loss of teeth – in the light of the literature and on the basis of the authors’ own study
Journal Title: Prosthodontics - Year 2017, Vol 67, Issue 3
Abstract
Biomechanical masticatory conditions are determined based on the analysis of occlusion, the state of tension and muscle function, and dynamics of the jaw articulation states. This system under conditions of physiological norms can function without disturbances only if its individual elements are fully effective and function according to their anatomy and physiology. The sequence of motions depends on the construction and individual topographic features of the temporomandibular joints , the shape of the dental arches, the course of the occlusal surface and the vertical dimension and sculpture of occlusal surfaces of teeth. Biomechanical conditions, specified for cases of physiological norms, undergo radical change with total loss of teeth. In edentulous patients atrophic changes in bone denture foundation and soft tissue occur, as well as disorders of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and temporomandibular joints. This is associated with the lack of mechanical stimuli function, which provides the function of chewing. Edentulous patients show a 50% decrease in the electrical activity of muscles, as compared to those with natural dentition. A similar observation concerns the amount of generated forces. This is due not only to poor denture stability, but it is also associated with atrophic changes in the muscles themselves. The authors’ own clinical observations and the results of instrumental investigations indicate that prothetic treatment with complete dentures made by applying the biofunctional system, contributes to obtaining good functioning of the chewing and speech. It also improves the biomechanical parameters of the occlusion by increasing the electrical activity of muscles, in particular the symmetry of their operation and increase in generated occlusal forces. Our results confirm that in view of the biomechanics of the masticatory system, the presented method is highly recommended in difficult cases of edentulous maxilla and mandible in elderly patients.
Authors and Affiliations
Grażyna Wiśniewska, Magdalena Orczykowska
Keywords
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