BIOMECHANICS OF THE SQUAT IN REHABILITATION AND SPORTS TRAINING
Journal Title: Medycyna Sportowa - Year 2017, Vol 33, Issue 2
Abstract
The squat is a typical closed kinetic chain motion task. It is an important component of programs in physical therapy and sport training. It’s a complex activity, consisting of hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. For this reason, the squat can be used in nonobjective assessment of muscular strength and range of motion in functional activities. Different movement strategies applied during squatting are essential in patients with musculoskeletal dysfunctions, such as: patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, cruciate ligaments injury, lumbar pain, femoro-acetabular impingement. The aim of this study was to present biomechanical interdependencies in the lower limbs during the squat and the factors affecting musculoskeletal dysfunctions. This paper presents important tips for physiotherapy practice and sports training.The study took into account the findings from selected original works. The paper reviews the studies involving the analysis of the ranges of motion during the squat, electromyography results and the impact of training on squat performance. It presents the importance of ankle mobility in maintaining knee stability in the frontal plane, and the impact of dynamic knee valgus on the occurrence of lower limb dysfunction. The impact of squat depth and feet spacing on muscle function is described. Moreover, the paper refers to the analysis of motion during single and double leg squats. Differences between hip-dominant and knee-dominant squats have also been explained. The role of the lumbo-pelvic complex during the squat and the existing relationships between joints of the lower limb during the squat is analyzed in the presented literature review. The last part of the report contains practical advice how to apply squat exercises in rehabilitation and sports training.A large variability of strategies during the squat tasks, observed between men and women, or between patients with different locomotor dysfunctions provide new opportunities for research on the biomechanics of squat exercise.
Authors and Affiliations
Piotr Gawda, Magdalena Zawadka, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska, Jakub Smołka, Edyta Łukasik
Keywords
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