Circovirus-associated enteritis: pathogenesis peculiarities, pathomorphology and immunopathology
Journal Title: Бюлетень "Ветеринарна біотехнологія" - Year 2018, Vol 32, Issue
Abstract
Introduction. Circovirus-associated diseases of pigs (PCVAD) are manifested by a variety of clinical signs. Animals can be affected by PCV-2 at any stage of the process (excommunication from mothers, fattening), which is manifested by a gradual decrease in growth. Sometimes diarrhea of infected pigs is only one clinical sign of infection. PCV-2, being a component of many associations of microorganisms, acts the single catalyst that triggers the pathological process and determines its main pathogenetic characteristics. The goal of the work was to determine the peculiarities of pathogenesis, pathomorphology and immunopathology of circovirus-associated porcine enteritis. Material and methods. The work was carried out in pig farms in Ukraine, with intensive technology of pig raising and Scientific Research Center of the DSAEU. Results of research and discussion. At the autopsy of 16 corpses of dead piglets, which during lifetime had clinical signs of active PCV-2 infection and in the serum of which positive specific antibodies (IgG and IgM) were detected, to pig type II circovirus, morphological changes in the intestine were established in five cases (31.2%). However, only in two piglets (12.5%), except for intestinal damage and Peyer's patches, morphological changes in other lymphoid tissues did not observe. PCR study established an average and high concentration of PCV-2 in Peyer's patches of the intestinal mucosa. That is, in five piglets that had morphological changes in the intestine, in 3 cases it was diagnosed PCV2-SD-systemic disease, and in 2 – PCV2-ED-intestinal disease. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Based on the results of bacteriological and PCR studies of the material (intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes) from PCV2-ED-infected pigs (n=2), the following pathogen associations have been identified: PCV-2+Lawsonia intracellularis+E. coli and PCV-2+Rotavirus type A+Salmonella spp. The main morphological changes of circovirus-associated enteritis are granulomatous inflammation and lymphoid depletion of Peyer's patches with infiltration of epithelioid and giant multinucleated cells. A feature of the pathogenesis of circovirus-associated swine enteritis is the defeat of immunocompetent cells, which leads to the development of immunodeficiency and, as a consequence, co-infection with bacterial-viral pathogens and a variety of manifestations of morphological changes.
Authors and Affiliations
V. Evert
Keywords
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- EP ID EP389278
- DOI 10.31073/vet_biotech32(2)-15
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