Concepts of “situation” and “position” in philosophy of J.-P. Sartre (visual metaphor and legal aspect)
Journal Title: Правова позиція - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue
Abstract
The article considers questions related to dependence of cognition and action in philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre on the model of visual perception in whole and metaphor of perspective in particular. Sartre believes that possibility of existence of two or more subjects in one visual field is doubtful, subject-object metamorphosis are conditioned solely by actual continuity of the looks and cause changes of visual field organization, its reorientation, formation of various perspectives. The looks simultaneously directed at each other do not create unified view and general perspective, they rather create two different ways of viewing. Thus, special meaning for J.-P. Sartre have concepts of “situation” and “position”, being in accord with the help of metaphor of “perspective” as a view of some objective reality (situation) from definite point of view (position, i.e. optical center of visual field, in which subject is located). Subject-object switching in one situation creates different perspectives, different understanding of the situation, disparate projects. Any subject is prone to view other or others present “in the situation” as object component, which complicates and sometimes prevents realization of its own project (understanding and/or action). Intersubjectivity, as a rule, in these situations is not presumed. In legal aspect it is important to remark initial involvement of the subject into some situation, “being in situation”, reversibility of its subject-object status, and understanding of situation as in a certain manner oriented in respect to it or other subject. In such a way, situation appears as perspective opening from some position and embodied in position. Perception of the situation outside of a definite perspective is in principle impossible, as well as view from nowhere is impossible.
Authors and Affiliations
Д. О. Бочаров
Keywords
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