Cryotherapy in gynecology in the light of current scientific reports
Journal Title: European Journal of Medical Technologies - Year 2014, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
Cryotherapy (from Greek – krýos, meaning cold and – therapeía, meaning treatment) is a form of freezing treatment in medicine employed since time immemorial, which uses temperatures below 0°C. The forms of treatment are as follows: local cryotherapy (also called cryodestruction) and general cryotherapy [1–3]. Local cryotherapy (cryodestruction) involves fitting very low temperature to the skin with the use of special applicator. The temperature is provided to the lesion. Freezing-thawing is repeated multiple times during one cycle. This leads to freezing the cell content, rupturing biological membranes and, ultimately, destruction of tissue. Local cryotherapy is used to treat benign and malignant lesions, changes within mucus membranes as well as benign and malignant lesions within abdominal cavity. Methods used in cryodestruction are: cryoablation and cryocoagulation [1–4]. Cryoablation is a non-invasive surgical treatment which involves inserting special electrode in the form of catheter into patient’s organism. The tip of the catheter is precisely controlled and its movements are monitored by medical staff on special monitor. The tip selectively freezes and destroys small focal points of cells causing lesion, not disturbing the adjacent healthy tissues. Achieving low temperature is similar as in cooling equipment of common use. Through the catheter flows a mix of gases under pressure, which, during expanding, cause lowering of temperature to −70°C at the tip of the catheter. The second method (cryocoagulation) is a painless and bloodless method of local cryotherapy, which involves shallow destruction of suspicious or dispensable tissue without disturbing its integrity due to freezing. The lesion is subject to low temperature (from −196°C to −21°C as a rule), usually preceded by local anesthetization. General cryotherapy subjects the whole body (for a short time, up to 3 minutes) to very low temperature (from −160 to −100°C). Contrary to local cryotherapy, correctly applied general cryotherapy leaves tissues intact. The treatment is also called cryostimulation because the aim of it is to administer physiological stress to organism [1–4].
Authors and Affiliations
Piotr Szkodziak, Sławomir Woźniak
Keywords
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