Дендробіонтні філофагиTilia L. у насадженнях м. Дніпро: весняна фенологічна група (PHYLLOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS OF THE LINDEN TREES (TILIA L.) IN THE DNIPRO PLANTATIONS: SPRING PHENOLOGICAL GROUP)
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2018, Vol 23, Issue 1
Abstract
According to the results of a two-year (2015−2017) monitoring of Dnipro streets and parks planting of linden, a complex of dominant species of arthropods − phylophagous of linden of spring phenological group, was established. The research was conducted on 8 permanent experimental sites (PESs) located in Dnipro parks with different degrees of anthropogenic load and along streets with varying intensity of road traffic. Forest areas of the Gvardiyske village (Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region) were a control site. In all PESs, an inventory of Tilia cordata Mill., T. platyphyllos Scop. and T. × europea L. trees was performed and their vital state was assessed. According to the results of inventory, 510 tree plants of the Linden (Tilia L.) genus are growing on all sites. Among them, T. cordatais dominates. Linden predominates in park plantations (79.2 %). The lindens average age is about 38 years. The height of plants varies from 4.5 m to 28.5 m. The trunks reach a diameter of 4.3−53.2 cm at chest height. In relatively clean park plantations the vital state of linden trees is satisfactory. The linden trees on S. Neogoyan ave., where the intensity of the traffic (mostly trucks) is maximal, are characterized with the worst vital state. A total of 4 103 young linden leaves were surveyed in the spring. The average level of damage by phylophagous arthropods was 64.8 %. The leaves of T. platyphyllos were damaged the most, especially in the industrial part of the Dnipro, which is probably due to violation of the normal vegetation conditions and reduced plant immunity under the influence of industrial and motor vehicle emissions. The T. cordata was more resistant to the pests influence, to a greater extent in the central area of the Dnipro (Heroes Square). It was established that in conditions of the Dnipro urbocenosis and Gvardiyske village forest areas, the spring phenological group of phyllophagous pests of linden trees is represented by 20 species from 12 families of 6 genera. The part of Lepidoptera is 40 %, Hemiptera – 20 %, Coleoptera – 15 %, Hymenoptera and Acariformes – 10 %; Diptera – 5 %. The most of the species inflicts damage to the leaves of the linden in the form of dining, twisting and skeletoning – 60 % of affected leaves; punctures, corrugations and galling – 10 %; changes in color and mines – 5 %. In general, damages of leaves by gnawing insects dominates in spring for all PESs (56.7 %), except for streets with low traffic intensity, where sucking arthropods are dominating pests (60.0 %). The maximum amount of galling and mining leaves (26.0 %) was recorded for the control area. The Eriophyes tiliae (Pagenstecher, 1857), Schizotetranychus tiliarium (Herman, 1804); Archips crataegana (Hübner, 1799), A. rosana (Linnaeus, 1758), A. xylosteana (Linnaeus, 1758), Ptycholoma lecheana (Linnaeus, 1758); Cosmia trapezina (Linnaeus, 1758), Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758); Erannis defoliaria (Clerck, 1759), Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus, 1758); Parna apicalis (Brischke, 1888), Pristiphora leucopus (Hellén, 1948); Dasineura tiliamvolvens (Rübsaamen, 1889) were dominant phyllophagous in spring season. The aphid Eucallipterus tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758) was among the most destructive sucking arthropods on linden leaves in this period. At some PESs a few specimens of Phyllobius argentatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ph. oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758); Athous niger (Linnaeus, 1758); Closterotomus biclavatus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835), Lygocoris viridis (Fallen, 1807), Clementocresus resedae (Panzer, 1797) were noticed on linden leaves. It was established that the part of combined damages in spring period increases in direct proportion to the level of pollution of the territory of the PESs, which may indirectly indicate an increase in the intensity of the competitive struggle of linden leaves pests for the occupying of the leaf surface in conditions of increased anthropogenic loading. Проведено дослідження структури комплексу домінуючих видів членистоногих – філофагів липи весняної фенологічної групи, в урбоценозах м. Дніпро протягом вегетаційних періодів 2015–2017 рр. До складу комплексу входить 20 видів із 12 родин 6 рядів. З них представників Lepidoptera – 40,0 %, Hemiptera – 20,0 %, Coleoptera – 15,0 %, Acariformes і Hymenoptera – по 10,0 %, Diptera – 5,0 %. Проаналізовано характер поширення філофагів, проведена оцінка ступеня їх шкідливості і розподілу пошкоджень у залежності від рівня забруднення території. Виявлено пряму залежність кількості комбінованих пошкоджень на листках лип від рівня антропогенного навантаження на урбоценоз. Передбачається, що це пов'язано з посиленням інтенсивності конкуруючої боротьби філофагів за освоєння листкової поверхні в умовах підвищеного техногенного впливу.
Authors and Affiliations
І. А. Зайцева (Iryna Zaitseva)
Keywords
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- EP ID EP507890
- DOI 10.26661/2312-2056/2018-23/1-12
- Views 82
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