DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AS A HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMENON IN XVIII – FIRST HALF OF XX CENTURY
Journal Title: Духовність особистості: методологія, теорія і практика - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 87
Abstract
The problem of the UK higher education development as a cultural and historical phenomenon of XVIII – the first half of ХХ century has been considered in the article. It has been found that the mentioned above period can be conditionally divided into three stages which of those could be characterized by unique context and conditioned by specific factors of influence. The following features of each of the mentioned above stages have been described: for ХVIII century – increasing attractiveness of Scotland universities for British students and international applicants; during XIX century – the process of reforming English universities; professionalization of higher education; in the first half of ХХ century – the start point of the transferring higher education from elite to mass character; confrontation between technocratic and humanitarian cultures in education; seeking new ways of uniting four British nations on the basis of higher education institutions. The following factors of influence have been identified: in ХVIII century – limited financial provision of Scotland universities; commitment of regional community to development of local higher education establishments; stagnation of English universities development; influence of international educational models; during XIX century – activities of temporary supervising commissions on innovation implementation into English universities work; Reform Act 1832, liberal attitudes of British society; reformation of civil service and medical education; in the first half of ХХ century – the First and the Second World Wars; «greenfield» universities establishment; spiritual crisis in 1940s– 1950s; Robbins Report 1963.
Authors and Affiliations
Tetiana Vasylivna Modestova
Keywords
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