EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YÖNETİCİ VE LİDERE İLİŞKİN ALGILARININ METAFORLAR YOLUYLA İNCELENMESİ
Journal Title: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 3
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı, yönetici ve lider kavramlarına ilişkin algıları metaforlar yoluyla belirlemektir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 521 öğretmen adayından elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış form ile toplanmış ve içerik analiziyle deşifre edilmiştir. Araştırmada, katılımcılar tarafından üretilen metaforlar yöneticide 13, liderde 14 kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar tarafından daha çok vurgulanan kategori ve kategoriler altına yer alan metafor çeşitliliğini gösterebilmek amacıyla frekans ve yüzde hesaplaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, yönetici ile ilgili iki kategorinin öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu kategorilerden biri olumsuz unsur olarak yönetici iken diğeri yönlendirici biri olarak yöneticidir. Lider ile ilgili de; yönlendirici biri olarak lider ve etkileyici biri olarak lider kategorilerinin frekansının yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonucunda, yönetici kavramında ilk üç sırada; mevcut düzeni sürdüren, yönlendirici, mekanik-standart biri olarak yönetici, lider kavramında ise; yönlendirici, aydınlatıcı, güç unsuru olarak lider kategorilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. EXTENDED SUMMARY Research Problem: In this research, it was aimed to determine the perceptions of the education faculty students about the manager and leader concepts through metaphors. Research Questions: What are the metaphors about the concept of manager and which conceptual categories the generated metaphors are aggregated? What are the metaphors about the concept of leader and which conceptual categories the generated metaphors are aggregated? Literature Review: Manager and leader are two concepts that are important for organizations. However, these two concepts are often confused. The reason for this may be the similarities that people have in the meaning of the manager and leader concepts. This situation is explained by implicit leadership theory. According to implicit leadership theory, whether or not to be a leader depends on the models, schematics or the cognitive construct in the minds of the followers. People regard individuals who fit into the cognitive structures and prototypes in their minds as leaders and those who don't fit as non-leaders. One of the ways to understand the meanings which people attribute to concepts is metaphors that are reflective of mental associations. This has led to an increase in the studies that examine leadership and management through metaphors. In the examination of national literature, there is no research that directly examines the concepts of leader and manager through metaphor. On the other hand, research conducted in this direction can clarify the characteristics of leaders that fit the mental schemes of the education officers. It can reveal what kind of manager and leader are sought in the education system, or what kind of qualifications they have expected to have. Methodology: In this research, which explores the perceptions of manager and leader concepts through metaphors, phenomenology design from qualitative research methods is used. The study group of the research consists of 648 senior students studying in the education faculty at a university. However, because of the blank and invalid forms, the research was conducted on the data obtained from the 521 senior year students in the education faculty. 141 of the participant were classroom instruction education student, 86 were pre-school education student, 54 were Turkish education student, 52 were English education student, 52 were science education student, 48 were social studies education student, 39 were computer and instructional technology student, 36 were elementary mathematics education student, and 19 were art education student. In the survey, the first part of the questionnaire used as a data collection tool has closed-ended questions to determine the personal information of the participants. In the second part, in order to reveal the perceptions of the participants about the concepts of "manager" and "leader", there are two semi-structured questions such as "The manager is like ..., because ... " and " The leader is like ..., because ... ". The data in the study were deciphered by content analysis. Frequency distribution and percentage calculations have been made to show the diversity of metaphors under categories and categories that are more emphasized by participants. In addition, some measures have been implemented to improve the validity and reliability of the research process. Results and Conclusions: In the study, it was seen that the participants produced 193 metaphors about the management concept and 171 metaphors about the leadership concept. The first five metaphors most frequently repeated by the participants regarding the manager in the survey were father, mother, brain, school manager, machine. It can be said that the common point of these metaphors is to establish and maintain order in the organization. It can be said that this finding of the research is compatible with the processes that the manager should fulfill within the management processes. The first five metaphors are the most frequently repeated leaders in the concept art; Ataturk, father, mother, lion, sun. These metaphors also emphasize that the leader must have many attributes such as inspiration, influence, authority figure, and so on with his knowledge and skill. The metaphors that the participants produced for the concept of the managers were collected under 13 categories, and the metaphors they produced for the concept of the leader were collected under 14 categories. In the first three ranks in the concept of manager, manager as the one who maintains the current order, manager as the one who directs, and the manager as mechanical-standard someone categories were included. The metaphors in these categories seem to emphasize not using more initiative, focusing on conservation and maintenance, mechanics, uniformity, weakness in human relations. It is understood that they mostly reflect negative perceptions about managers' characteristics. In the leader concept, "leader as the one who directs", " Leader as the one who enlightens", and "leader as a power element" categories came to the forefront. When the metaphors under these categories are evaluated in general, it is seen that characteristics such as authority, leading and guidance, giving information, forming the team spirit, establishing positive relations with followers were referred. When the participants' metaphor expressions in the survey are evaluated in general, it can be said that they have more positive perceptions about the leadership than the manager. When the results of this research are evaluated, it should be taken into account that there are some limitations. These are the fact that the research was carried out only in the senior students of the education faculty, and that the metaphors of the manager and leader were collected on the same sample and at the same time. For this reason, it is advisable to collect data in different time periods in studies to be conducted on different population and heterogeneous groups.
Authors and Affiliations
Emine ÖNDER, Öznur TULUNAY ATEŞ
Keywords
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- EP ID EP445400
- DOI 10.30798/makuiibf.408223
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