KOBİLERİN KREDİLENDİRİLME KARARLARINDA KREDİ SKORLAMA MODELLERİNİN KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Journal Title: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 3
Abstract
EXTENDED SUMMARY Background: Although banks were trying to utilize 5-C of credit in a very subjective manner and rely on financial statement analysis of firms in credit decisions before 90’s; after 90’s and especially after 2000’s banks began to use computer based credit scoring systems. These systems use formal databases, financial statements, current financial and moral situation etc. for all credit demanders. By this way banks could reach more accurate and consistent credit decisions in commercial and consumer levels . Today banks use very developed credit scoring systems that recreate themselves according to past credit decision results, rely on enormous database information, follows life styles of individuals, take size, industry, economic condition variables into consideration, analyze financial statements of firms in seconds. However, use of credit scoring systems also create information asymmetry between banks and credit demander firms. While banks can reach every kind of information about the credit demander firm, firms do not have enough information about banks’ credit decision systems. This information asymmetry intensifies by decreasing firm size. Big companies through their financial advisors and huge financial departments may have information about banks’ credit decision criterias. By the way, small businesses do not have information of what make a small company credible on banks’ eye. Purpose: The aim of this research is to disclose the criterias that are used in banks’ credit scoring systems for small business lending decisions and to remove information asymmetry for small businesses in fund raising process from financial intermediaries. Literature: In the literature, studies related to the credit scoring systems can be divided into two categories. First category is embodied by the studies that suggest credit scoring models that use different statistical approaches. In this category data mining, artificial intelligence, logit analysis, classification, CART, discriminant methods are used for credit scoring model suggestions. Second category includes the studies that question the effect of credit scoring systems on banking dynamics. In this category, effect of credit scoring on credit availability, credit risk, customer relations, credit portfolio quality is questioned. Data & Methodology: To disclose the criterias that are used in banks’ credit scoring systems for small business lending decisions, interview method is used to gather data. Interviews are conducted with bank branch managers and credit portfolio managers in Burdur City that are selected by purposeful sampling. Data that is gathered by interviews is analyzed through descriptive analysis. Findings and Conclusion: According to the research results, Turkish banks follow very detailed and pro-active process in credit scoring of small businesses. Scoring systems are divided into sub-systems according to the small business’ sales volume and sector. Moral substructure of small businesses are analyzed through scaling of payment history and market information between 1-5, 1-7 or 1-10. Financial capacity to pay back credit is questioned through financial table analysis and systematic “market intelligence”. Capital adequacy of businesses are examined by financial table data and owners’ assets information. Economic condition, sector cycles and banks’ own marketing strategy also affects the credit scoring systems’ decisions. The grades that are obtained by credit scoring systems affect the amount, maturity, interest rate, collateral, revision period and credit decision maker. Lastly, bank workers’ view on credit scoring is positive in many perspectives but they do not deny the deficiencies of the systems. Bu çalışmanın amacı, KOBİ’lerin kredibilitesini tespit ederken bankalarca kullanılan kredi skorlama modellerindeki kriterleri açıklamak ve finansal kurumlardan fon sağlama sürecinde KOBİ’ler aleyhine olan bilgi asimetrisini ortadan kaldırmaktır. Bu kapsamda, amaçsal örnekleme ile seçilen Burdur ilindeki 10 mevduat bankasının şube ve portföy yöneticileri ile mülakat çalışmasına gidilmiştir. Mülakatlardan elde edilen veriler betimsel analize tabi tutulmuş ve sonuçlar literatürde kredilendirmenin 5K’sı olarak anılan karakter, kapasite, kapital, koşullar ve karşılıklar başlıkları altında sunulmuştur. Sonuçlar ışığında, akademiye, KOBİ’lere ve düzenleyici ve denetleyici kuruluşlara öneriler getirilmiştir.
Authors and Affiliations
Mustafa CELIK, Hüseyin Dalğar, Ömer Tekşen, Ahmet Furkan SAK
Keywords
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- DOI 10.30798/makuiibf.422139
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