Empowerment – chosen issues
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Management - Year 2012, Vol 11, Issue 1
Abstract
One may distinguish three dominant approaches to empowerment: managerial, psycho-managerial, psychological. The managerial approach has a few disadvantages, inter alia, it is hard to treat it as a consistent view, rather it is a set of grouped information, on which some typologies are built. The psycho-managerial approach seems to be consistent and has undisputable application features. It refers to well-established psychological views, which makes construction of useful research tools easier or enables employment of existing tools. This approach could be successfully used to performing managerial tasks. The psychological approach, the last of those here presented, despite its consistency is not easy to operationalize. An analysis of their main concepts enables the establishment of some necessary conditions of empowerment. The first condition refers to the presence of an empowering and an empowered. Then, each side has to be aware that they take part in the processes which have the four following targets: shaping of critical awareness, skillful employment of knowledge about social norms and values; an increase in self-efficacy, and an increase in participation. An empowering and an empowered have to be informed about the measures of these processes and what their satisfactory levels are. If any of these conditions are not fulfilled then one may not talk about empowerment. The article also contains a definition based on the literature review.
Authors and Affiliations
Dorota Kanafa-Chmielewska
Keywords
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