Ethics in Organ Transplantation - - - Etika u transplantaciji organa
Journal Title: Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis - Year 2018, Vol 35, Issue 2
Abstract
Organ transplantation is specific medical procedure which is used as a way of treatment. Transplantation is often the only way of curing a patient. Today, hundreds of people in the world live successfully with donor organs, and transplantations as medical interventions are performed routinely. In Europe, about 10,000 patients are saved annually by transplantation, but there are far larger numbers of those waiting for their so-called rescue organ. In all countries, transplant medicine is regulated by special laws, regulations and conventions that provide medical, legal, and ethical regulations. Organ donation is an act of charity and giving, and not a contract on movement. Righteousness and fairness are emphasized in transplantation medicine. The question of organ transplanting affects the most intimate issues of human integrity, human dignity, health and illness. That is why certain instructions, rules of conduct and treatment are required from ethics. Today, in ethical dilemmas regarding organ transplantation, less emphasis is placed on imperative ethics, which emphasizes the idea of obligation, and more emphasis is placed on the so-called indicative ethics in which the idea of general accountability and solidarity is in the foreground. In cases of transplanting organs from a living patient, it is a doctor`s duty to provide complete information to the donor and the recipient about the purpose and nature of the procedure itself, success probability, consequences, possible risks and noted adverse reactions. In cases of transplanting from a cadaver, the basic ethical question is defining brain death and respect for the deceased. The main reason of a small number of donors is lack of information, fear of organ donating and ethical questions related to transplantation. - - - Transplantacija organa predstavlja poseban i specifičan medicinski postupak koji se primenjuje u svrhe lečenja. Transplantacija je često jedini način izlečenja neke osobe. Danas u svetu sa tuđim organima uspešno živi više stotina ljudi, a transplantacija kao medicinski zahvat obavlja se rutinski. U Evropi se godišnje transplanta-cijom spasi oko 10 000 pacijenata, ali je daleko veći broj onih pacijenata koji čekaju svoj takozvani "organ spasa". U svim državama transplantaciona medicina uređena je posebnim zakonima, propisima i konvencijama koje daju medicinsku, pravnu i etičku regulativu. Donorstvo predstavlja akt milosrđa i davanja, a ne ugovor o prometu. U transplantacionoj medicini apostrofira se pravednost i pravičnost. Pitanje presađivanja organa zadire u najintimnija pitanja čovekovog integriteta, ljudskog dostojanstva, zdravlja i bolesti. Iz tog razloga od etike se traže određena uputstva, pravila ponašanja i postupanja. Danas se u etičkim dilemama u vezi sa transplantacijom organa manje gleda na imperativnu etiku, u kojoj se naglašava dužnost, već se naglasak stavlja na tzv. indikativnu etiku u kojoj ideja o opštoj odgovornosti i solidarnosti dolazi u prvi plan. Kod transplantacije organa uzetih sa živih donora lekar je dužan da pruži potpune informacije davaocu i primaocu o svrsi i prirodi samog postupka, verovatnoći uspeha, posledicama, mogućim rizicima i zabeleženim neželjenim reakcijama. Kada se radi o presađivanju sa kadavera osnovno etičko pitanje je definicija moždane smrti i pijetet prema umrlom. Najveći razlog malog broja donora leži u neobaveštenosti, strahu od doniranja organa i etičkim pitanjima vezanih za transplantaciju.
Authors and Affiliations
Svetlana Milijić, Aleksandar Nikolić
Keywords
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- EP ID EP349294
- DOI 10.2478/afmnai-2018-0010
- Views 74
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