EVALUATIVE COMPONENT IN LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD

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EVALUATIVE COMPONENT IN LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD

Journal Title: Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology» - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 248

Abstract

The views of linguists on the evaluative category and defining the place and role of the evaluative component in lexical meaning of the word have been analyzed in the article; it has been proved that the evaluative component depends on the expressive and stylistic word meaning and connotation as expressively marked micro component of semantics is the result of the evaluative perception and representation of reality in the process of nomination; it has been determined that the evaluation is a modal frame that covers a number of mandatory elements (explicit and implicit), in particular such as subject evaluation, project evaluation, axiological predicate, aspect of evaluation, evaluative element itself, evaluative stereotype and the evaluation scale. Evaluation attracted the attention of researchers primarily as a category of logic and linguistics. Although a great number of works were devoted to its studying in the mentioned fields of science, many problems are still the object of disputes; others require revision, clarification or adequate interpretation. This is mostly due to the complexity of the evaluation nature itself. The complexity of the evaluation research as a linguistic category is in its multidimensional nature. It appears primarily as a problem concerning the means of implementation in a particular language. Each language has its own means of evaluation expression; among which lexical, derivational, morphological, syntactic and others means are distinguished. The problem of estimation is of great interest in different languages within a particular means of its expression or as a whole, because it is based on different national evaluative stereotypes. The problem in relation to the place of the evaluative component in the semantic word structure and its relationship with the expressiveness and connotativeness hasn’t still been clearly solved. The evaluation category is one of the linguistic categories, which is based on the expression of positive / negative attitude to the events, their elements or aspects of implementation. The interlocutors are very attentive to the manifestations of the evaluative component in the sentence and you can often hear the question "Is it good or bad?". They mean that the speaker didn’t clearly express or even conceal his evaluation, thus creating communicative discomfort for interlocutors. The semantic category of evaluation in the Ukrainian language is very voluminous and complicated structure, which gives the speaker a great choice of evaluative means and methods of its expression. Evaluative component is often available in the sentence with no special indicators; it follows from the general concepts for interlocutors, ideas about "what is good, what is bad" (presupposition). Choosing the evaluative consciousness activity as a basic factor study of the connotative aspect of nominative unit semantics is caused by the primary connotation function – influence function, directly and closely related to the language pragmatics. This effect is achieved in the process of interlocutor informing about some value importance of the element or piece of reality for the addressee, which they are talking about, Whereas the expressive coloring mostly associated with axiological attitude, its structure was reviewed in order to establish in what form it organizes connotation and what specifics of this relationship as a structural component is that determines its nature and function. The evaluation structure integrates both implicit and explicit elements. The structure of modal evaluation framework includes elements of three types: those that are usually explicated (evaluation object), mostly implicit elements (scale of evaluation, evaluation stereotype, evaluation aspect) and elements that are implemented both in explicit and implicit forms (subject of evaluation, axiological predicates). The evaluation elements play a very important role in direct communication, where it somehow affects the interests of the participants. The evaluation elements acquire special characteristics if their object is a member of communication – the speaker or the addressee or if the object of evaluation goes into the area of interest of one or another: means of the emotional or expressive evaluation are used mainly in these cases; the interests of the speaker on the recipient have in mind when milden the evaluation categorical and others. Thus, the study of evaluation category is of special interest at the present stage of linguistic science, when the correlation and interaction of semantics and pragmatics has become one of the key problems. Evaluation is a modal frame that covers a number of mandatory elements (explicit and implicit), in particular such as subject evaluation, project evaluation, axiological predicate, aspect of evaluation, evaluative element itself, evaluative stereotype and the evaluation scale. In evaluation the semantic and pragmatic aspects are inseparable, its functioning reflects the fusion of semantics (meaning of language units, and the sentence as a whole) and pragmatic (conditions of the communication process implementation).

Authors and Affiliations

V Shynkaruk

Keywords

EP ID EP386862
DOI -
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