External Tooth Bleaching – A Review
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2017, Vol 16, Issue 10
Abstract
The current knowledge of tooth whitening with respect to external bleaching methods is to be reviewed.There has been a dramatic increase in the number of products and procedures over current years with a concomitant rise in publications on this topic with regards to the importance of tooth whitening for patient and consumers. According to the Literature, mechanisms of tooth whitening by peroxide happen by the diffusion of peroxide over enamel to cause oxidation and therefore lightening of coloured species, particularly within the dentinal regions. Changes in tooth colour can be measured using a number of approaches. They arevisual measurements by skilled clinicians and instrumental measurements using spectrophotometry, chromameters and digital image analysis. The main factors that affect tooth whitening efficacy by peroxide comprising products are concentration and time. Generally, greater concentrations are faster than lesser concentrations. However, lesser concentrations can approach the efficacy of greater concentrations with prolonged treatment times. Other bleach systems to peroxide have received only slight attention. The effectiveness of light activated systems versus non-light activated controls in clinical studies is restricted and contradictory. Other factors which can influence tooth bleaching outcome contain type of stain, initial tooth colour and subject age.
Authors and Affiliations
Nivedita Lukram, V. Prakash, P. Vivekanandhan, V. G. Sukumaran, A. Subbiya, N. GoldPearlin Mary
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP239252
- DOI 10.9790/0853-1610031620
- Views 76
- Downloads 0
ABO gene in a family with inherited mutation caused rare blood subgroup A
Background and Objectives: Discrepancies in blood typing are one of the major reasons in causing transfusion reaction. These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for the blood typing. Although monoclona...
To Compare The Effect of Conventional Huffing with Therapist Made Huffing Device on Sputum Volume In Subjects With Acute Exacerbation of COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a lung disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. COPD causes coughing that produce la...
Evaluationof Motor NCS Parameters between Upper and Lower Limbs and Their Pattern of Maturation in Infants and Children
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) development plays a crucial role for normal motor performance of the child. Maturation of PNS starts before birth and continues till 5 to 6 years of age. Evolution of Peripheral motor nerv...
Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) For Neuromuscular Correction of Excessive Gingival Display on Smiling
The display of excessive gingival tissue in the maxilla upon smiling has been called as“gummy smile”. The etiology of gummy smile may be skeletal, gingival, muscular iatrogenic. Many surgical procedures have been describ...
A Cross Sectional Study of Thyroid Function Abnormalities in Liver Diseases in a General Hospital
Introduction: A complex relationship exists between the thyroid gland and the liver in both health and disease. Many studies have been carried out on liver disease patients assessing their thyroid status, mostly in Europ...