Flow cytometry in diagnostics of neutropenia
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2012, Vol 25, Issue 7
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear granulocytes, neutrophils, are the most important cellular components of innate immune response. They are produced in bone marrow during a complex differentiation process from multipotential stem cells. Individual differentiation stages differ in morphology, proliferating ability and metabolic features. Inadequate number or activity of neutrophils is manifested by infections, which may be extremely severe.<br>Neutropenia composes a heterogeneous group of disorders with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Most usually, neutropenia is drug-related or secondary to environmental factors or pathogens. It may be also congenital, associated with defective granulopoiesis due to maturation defects, increased apoptosis or myelokathexis. Differences in expression of surface antigens among individual myeloid maturation stages make flow cytometry a useful tool in evaluation of granulopoiesis and its defects, as well as diagnostics of neutropenia associated with other cellular disorders. The technique allows also evaluation of efficiency of killing mechanisms, as well as detection of anti-granulocyte antibodies causing immune neutropenia. Selected examples of application of flow cytometry in diagnostics of congenital and immune neutropenia have been presented.<br>Complexity of pathomechanisms leading to chronic neutropenia makes flow cytometry a very useful tool, providing pieces of information complementary to classical morphologic studies. It allows analysis of very large number of myeloid cells, simultaneous examination of other cell lines, as well as evaluation of activity of enzymes, leading to significant reduction of time necessary to obtain correct diagnosis and implementation of adequate therapy.
Authors and Affiliations
Barbara Piątosa, Maja Klaudel-Dreszler
Keywords
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