Growth hormone deficiency in children and young adults
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2016, Vol 70, Issue
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a naturally occurring polypeptide hormone produced by somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary. The main function of somatotropin is stimulation of linear growth, but it also affects carbohydrate metabolism, increases bone mass and has potent lipolytic, antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) may occur both in children and in adults. At the moment there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of GHD, and the diagnosis should take into account clinical, auxological, biochemical and radiological changes and, if necessary, genetic testing. Recent studies have highlighted that the biochemical diagnosis of GH deficiency is still imperfect. Stimuli used in the tests are non-physiological, and various substances are characterized by a different mechanism of action and potency. A few years ago it was thought that GHD treatment in children must be completed at the end of linear growth. Studies performed in the last two decades have shown that GHD deficiency in adults may result in complex clinical problems, and if untreated shortens the life expectancy and worsens its comfort. Discontinuation of GH therapy after the final height has been reached in fact negatively impacts the physiological processes associated with the transition phase, which is the period of human life between achieving the final height and 25-30 years of age. Given the adverse metabolic effects of GH treatment interruption after linear growth has been completed, the latest recommendations propose reassessment of GH secretion in the period at least one month after cessation of treatment and continuation of the therapy in case of persistent deficit.
Authors and Affiliations
Joanna Oświęcimska, Wojciech Roczniak, Agata Mikołajczak, Agnieszka Szymlak
Role of M1 receptor in regulation of gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction
Background: The subject of this study is determination of the influence of drugs on gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction induced by activation of muscarinic receptors M1. Experiments tested interactions between a rec...
Inżynieria tkankowa – eksperymentalna metoda regeneracji pęcherza moczowego
Operacje rekonstrukcyjne pęcherza moczowego wykonywane są najczęściej u pacjentów po cystektomii radykalnej z powodu naciekającego raka pęcherza moczowego. Materiałem powszechnie wykorzystywanym w operacjach rekonstrukcy...
Nowotworowe naczynia krwionośne
Wzrost nowotworu uzależniony jest od własnego unaczynienia. Małe, awaskularne nowotwory (1–2 mm3) nie mogą się rozwijać dopóki w środowisku nowotworowym nie nastąpi załamanie równowagi między czynnikami proangiogennymi...
Bystander Effect Induced by UV Radiation; why should we be interested?
The bystander effect, whose essence is an interaction of cells directly subjected to radiation with adjacent non-subjected cells, via molecular signals, is an important component of ionizing radiation action. However, kn...
Mechanisms of osteoporosis development in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is progressive, chronic, autoimmune, systemic connective tissue disease. It affects 0,5-1% population. RA manifests as inflammation of symmetrical mainly small and medium joints with synovial hy...