Historical and social background for the formation of Helen Parkhurst’s pedagogical views
Journal Title: Педагогіка формування творчої особистості у вищій і загальноосвітній школах - Year 2018, Vol 61, Issue 1
Abstract
Nowadays, in the context of the reforms in the field of education, many educators, philosophers and psychologists fall back on the pedagogical experience dated back to the beginning of the last century. Persecution of the strategic goals related to the educational reform requires the Ukrainian educators to be aware of the background for the formation of the qualitative teaching and learning methods. It allows us to enrich the knowledge that can be used to introduce innovative ideas into the learning process, especially in the context of reforming contemporary Ukrainian schooling system. The purpose is to analyze the historical and social background for the formation of Helen Parkhurst’s pedagogical views, which formed the basis of the pedagogical model “the Dalton Plan”. Using comparative analyses, descriptive, historical and analytical methods it was stated that the reformatory pedagogy has contributed both to enriching the theoretical base and the improvement of educational and teaching methods. The ideas of pragmatism, free education, experimental pedagogy stimulated the development of didactics, not only the study of the processes of understanding, the peculiarities of internal processes of mental and physical development, attention, the mental level of the child but also the study of the mechanism of creativity, observation and detection of this process. It is studied that H. Parkhurst shared the reformist sentiments and the above-mentioned scientific concepts among the progressive pedagogical community in Europe. The creative cooperation and friendly relations with Maria Montessori date back to the beginning of the 20th century. Personal acquaintance with such prominent pedagogues-reformers as John Dewey, William Heard Kilpatrick, founder of the Project method, Burke, Boyd, and Tyler, greatly influenced the theoretical and practical basis of the Parkhurst’s pedagogical views. The main issue raised in the scientific discussions of the educators of that period was the relation of teaching and learning, namely, in the distribution of initiative and responsibility between the teacher and those who are taught. It is analyzed the scientific concepts of pragmatism and free education. The influence of these ideas can be traced in the pedagogical model originated by Helen Parkhurst called the Dalton plan. The pedagogical system of H. Parkhurst accumulated a combination of original ideas with innovative technologies embodied in the pedagogical process.
Authors and Affiliations
Л. В. Воробйова
Keywords
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