Human Placentas and the Changing Face of Reproductive Toxicology Testing
Journal Title: Gynecology and Obstetrics Research – Open Journal - Year 2015, Vol 2, Issue 3
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are in use by 40-98% of pregnant mothers in the developed world, varying by country. There is a significant potential for obstetricians to further maintain medical prescriptions for chronic diseases during pregnancy, provided there is confidence within the pharmaceutical industry on the safety of their products. The safety of medicinal products incurs several socioeconomic challenges, and the protection of maternal and fetal health is a foremost and top priority. Current guidelines for reproductive toxicity testing in rats and rabbits provide the required data for international regulatory bodies, such as the Federal Drug Agency (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and are described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). These animal studies include fetal organ anthropometry, but are devoid of much fetal organ functional data, so there is a case for improving animal data quality during reproductive toxicity testing. Human placental models have a real potential to refine, or even replace some animal use in the pharmaceutical industry, by predicting the probability of unfavourable events for fetal growth and development and highlighting additional specific outcome measures to be used in rat and rabbit reproductive toxicology testing.
Authors and Affiliations
Paul Brownbill
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP553558
- DOI 10.17140/GOROJ-2-e004
- Views 165
- Downloads 0
Bilateral Bullous Retinal Detachment in a Case of Preeclampsia
A 30-year-old caucasian primigravida was diagnosed with arterial hypertension at 34 weeks of gestation. At 36th week, labor induction was performed for severe preeclampsia. During labor, blood pressure was controlled wit...
The Identification of Pregnant Women at Risk for Child Abuse: Methodology
Background: The prevention of child abuse should starts as early as possible in the life of children living in families at risk for abuse. We describe a two-stage selection procedure to identify those pregnant women who...
Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Alters the Epigenome: Identification of Reprogrammed Targets
Endocrine disruptions induced by environmental toxicants have placed an immense burden on society to properly diagnose, treat and attempt to alleviate symptoms and disease. Environmental exposures during critical periods...
Optimized Letrozole Dose Versus Traditional Use of Clomiphene Citrate for Ovulation Induction in Patients With PCOS: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective: To compare the effects of gradually increased letrozole dose in versus Clomiphene Citrate (CC) (100 mg) for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Prospective randomized co...
High-Throughput Next Generation Sequencing: Applications in Reproductive Diagnosis and Research
The genetic information contained within a cell is transferred through the process of transcription of genes within a genome to produce messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translation of mRNAs to synthesize proteins. The central...