Inflammatory pathways and microvascular responses in the lung.
Journal Title: Pharmacological Reports - Year 2005, Vol 57, Issue
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes constitute an important host defense mechanism, but may at the same time damage functional tissue and propagate acute organ failure. This balance is particularly vulnerable in the lung which provides a large surface area for invading pathogens and microorganisms, and simultaneously harbors a large pool of physiologically marginated neutrophils within its microvascular bed. Pathophysiological stimuli further amplify this accumulation of blood cells and promote the emigration of neutrophils into the pulmonary interstitium and the airspaces by different mechanisms depending onthe pathophysiological stimulus, its route of entry into or site of production in the lung, and the time course of its action. Importantly, the pulmonary microvascular endothelium plays a key role in regulating not only sequestration and emigration of neutrophils, but by initiating the inflammatory response to a variety of diverse stimuli many of which do not directly target the circulating neutrophil, but elicit microvascular reactions by primarily acting on the endothelium. This review highlights the inflammatory process in the pulmonary microvasculature with special emphasis on the role of the pulmonary endothelium.
Authors and Affiliations
W M Kuebler
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP118301
- DOI -
- Views 76
- Downloads 0
Different effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on convulsions induced by nicotine in mice.
Acute intraperitoneal (ip) administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (NNA, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, significantly and dose-dependently decreased the incidence of convulsi...
Rabbit erythrocytes possess adenylyl cyclase type II that is activated by the heterotrimeric G proteins Gs and Gi.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from rabbit erythrocytes occurs inresponse to deformation or reduced oxygen tension. A signal transduction pathway that relates these stimuli to ATP release has been proposed. This pa...
Scavenging and antioxidant potential of physiological taurine concentrations against different reactive oxygen/nitrogen species.
While several studies have been conducted on the antioxidant properties of the beta-amino acid taurine, these studies all used concentrations lower than what is found physiologically. This study investigates the scavengi...
Autoinduction of the metabolism of phenothiazine neuroleptics in a primary culture of human hepatocytes.
BACKGROUND: The metabolism of phenothiazine neuroleptics (promazine, perazine) in a primary culture of human hepatocytes after pretreatment of cells with those neuroleptics was studied. METHODS: The hepatocytes were pret...
Exendin-4 and GLP-1 decreases induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) take part in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia triggers an inflammatory response in the retina. These mechanisms may lead to an enhanced expression of adhesion...