Interpretation of Non-Genetic Oral and Maxillofacial Osteogenic Conditions in the Basis of New Findings in the Field of Osteoblastogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 2
Abstract
Aims: The paper reorganized new findings in the field of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis for clinicians to identify systemic and local risks of oral and maxillofacial osteogenic conditions (OMOCs) that are not related to genetic diseases. Method: The non-systemic review was undertaken by searching pertinent key wards in English literature. Case report and publications with weak levels of evidence were excluded. Results: Coupling factors from endocrine and paracrine systems affect osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in different pathways. Levels of hormones change with age or by medical conditions. Cytokine accumulations are triggered by the local mechanical force or ischemia. Osteoblasts take a leading role in the maturation of osteoclasts, while the activity of osteoclasts could be an initial event in a local osteogenic lesion. The entangling relation between osteoblasts and osteoclasts derives some patterns for OMOCs radiographically. Discussion: A triple-hit frame composited by timings, coupling factors from endocrine and paracrine systems is an approachable method to explore local and systemic risks for OMOCs. The ratio of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) is not the only tool to explore the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and Sclerostin work on osteoblasts in the opposite way. Eight hormones (Growth Hormone, Calcitriol, Androgen, Estrogen, Calcitonin, Thyroxin, Cortisol and Parathyroid Hormone) regulate behaviors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts at different levels. Seven cytokines (Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Tumor necrosis factoralpha, Histamine, Interleukin-1, 4, 12 and 13) affect their behaviors in different pathways. Lifespans of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts and endothelium are different, while hormone levels of Growth Hormone, Estrogen, Androgen and Thyroxin change with aging. The unbalanced behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts could induce the excessive bone formation and the abnormal bone resorption, which project on a radiography as radiolucency or radiopacity or mixed lucent-opaque lesions. The paper tried to reorganize new findings for clinicians to identify systemic and local risks of non-genetic oral and maxillofacial osteogenic conditions (OMOCs). Method The non-systematic review identified recent original research papers, systematic reviews, meta-analysis articles and narrative reviews from author input supplemented by the PubMed, Google Scholar and PLOS ONE. Keywords included osteoblasts, osteoclasts, hormone, cytokine, radiolucency, radiopacity and oral and maxillofacial osteogenic conditions. Case reports and publications with weak levels of evidence were excluded.
Authors and Affiliations
Yang Gu
Keywords
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- EP ID EP592318
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.06.001332
- Views 137
- Downloads 0
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