Iodine prophylaxis
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2015, Vol 28, Issue 12
Abstract
Currently nearly 2 billion people of the world have insufficient iodine intake; one third ofthem are the children. The highest prevalence of iodine insufficiency is in Europe, where50% of people is mildly to moderately iodine deficient. WHO recommends 150 µg of iodinedaily to infants over 12 years and adults and 250 µg daily during pregnancy and lactation.The main consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter and hypothyroidism. In theareas with daily iodine intake < 20 µg 5-15% of people have endemic cretinism. In theareas with mild to moderate iodine deficiency hypothyroxinemia occurs in pregnant womenand minor neurodevelopmental deficits in their progeny are observed. In 1997 Polishnational iodine prophylaxis programme was implemented based on mandatory iodisationof household salt with 30 ± 10 mg KI/kg salt, obligatory iodisation of neonatal formula with10 µg KI/100 mL and voluntary supplementation of pregnant and breast-feeding womenwith additional 150-200 µg of iodine. As a result goitre occurrence in schoolchildren haddiminished to < 5%, meaning that endemic goiter had been eradicated but in pregnantand lactating women iodine intake is still insufficient.
Authors and Affiliations
Małgorzata Gietka-Czernel
Keywords
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