KEY FACTORS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION CRIMEA WITH UKRAINIAN SSR DURING DETERMINATION OF THE TRACK OF SOUTH-UKRAINIAN AND NORTH-CRIMEAN CHANNELS
Journal Title: Наукові праці. Серія "Історія" - Year 2017, Vol 292, Issue 280
Abstract
In the current article the social-economic integration of the Crimea with Ukraine has been analyzed. The choice of the route of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern Crimea channels had the important factor in this process. The goal of the article is reconstruction and the analysis of the process of the decision making in terms of the route of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern Crimea channels and the integration of the Crimea peninsula with Ukrainian SSR in the years of 195–1953 enabled by this process. The building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern Crimea channels and the irrigation system of the Southern regions of the Ukrainian SSR and the Northern regions of the Crimea took place in the context of the development of the program of the cotton production of USSR. The building of the channels and the irrigation system in the years of 1951–1953 was managed by the central management of Ukrvodstroy of the Ministry of Cotton of USSR. This large-scale building gained the status of «the building of communism» and gained the priority in terms of the supply with the necessary resources. This supply was made due to the active organizational and the management work of the leadership of Ukrainian SSR. In the end of the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern Crimea channels, the target was to supply the irrigation of 1500 hectares of the land out of which 1200 hectares belonged to the Southern regions of the Ukrainian SSR and 300 hectares belonged to the Northern part of the Crimea. While designing the building of the channels, the similar climatic conditions in the Southern regions of the Ukrainian SSR and the Northern regions of the Crimea were considered. That is why, in the process of the building of the irrigation system and the energy supply for the agriculture in terms of the planned “building of communism” the necessity of the creation of the single economic complex on the basis of the Southern region of Ukrainian SSR and the Northern regions of the Crimea was considered. In the process of designing the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern Crimea channels the necessity of the supplying the conditions necessary for the cooperation between the companies on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR (until 1954) and the Crimea was taken into consideration. In particular, the interest to the development of the system of the water supply to the Crimea expressed the metallurgical enterprise in Kerch named Voykova plant. This metallurgical enterprise actively took part in the supply of the materials for the building of the irrigation system from its own initiative, while the water supply from the mainland had a strong importance for the development of the metallurgy on the peninsula. Since after the World War II on the territory of the Crimea the Kerch peninsula was the most economically developed region due to the industrial enterprises, the industry of Kerch was supposed to become the engine of the social-economic development of the Crimea. The need for the development of industry in the Crimea was motivated by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of USSR and there was a necessity for the development of the traffic between the mainland and the Crimea peninsula in 1951. The project of the channels ‘route was practically worked out in 1951, which was mentioned by the manager J. Kuznets’ of the institute of «Ukrgiprovodhlopok» of the Ministry of Cotton of USSR. He has mentioned that until that moment the designing of the main route of the channels was in the state of looking for the variant for the route of the channel from Zaporizhia to the river Konka (Kinska) in the Zaporizhia area. The designing of the whole area of the route of the channel from Zaporizhia to the river Molochna depended on the before mentioned decision in terms of route of the channel from Zaporizhia to the river Konka and the perspectives of the designing of the Northern-Crimea channel depended on this decision. There were three projects of the route from Zaporizhia to the river Konka and they were presented before the presentation of J. Kuznets’ to the commission of the Institute «Hydroproject» in Moscow. The decisive word in terms of the route of the Northern-Crimea channel at this stage was being expected from the Academician of the Academy of Sciences S. Ya. Zhuk. The Academician S. Ya. Zhuk was the most respected specialist in USSR regarding the design of the channels, while he was organizing the work regarding the planning of the first large-scale hydro-construction project in the Soviet Union, i.e. the White Sea Baltic Channel. However, it was the Academician S. Zhuk who questioned the economic feasibility of the construction of the South-Ukrainian channel, since the construction required very large amounts of excavation. S. Zhuk suggested the alternative variant of machine irrigation, i.e. the supply of the water from the Kakhovka Reservoir by the pumping stations. Thus, the discussion in terms of the variant of the building of the irrigation system in the Southern regions of Ukraine and the Northern regions of Crimea has started. Not taking into consideration the difficulties with the choice of the route for the channel and the variant of the water supply to the irrigation system of the Northern-Crimea channel, the process of integration and cooperation between the enterprises of the Crimea and Ukraine in the years of 1950-1953 took part actively as well as the unity of the economic complex in the Southern regions of Ukrainian SSR and the Crimea.
Authors and Affiliations
P. Satskyi
Keywords
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