Kształtowanie się biomasy oraz plonowanie wybranych odmian traw niskich w siewie czystym i w mieszankach

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Kształtowanie się biomasy oraz plonowanie wybranych odmian traw niskich w siewie czystym i w mieszankach

Journal Title: Łąkarstwo w Polsce - Year 2016, Vol 19, Issue

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate seven cultivars of three low-growing grass species in respect of regrowth rate of the sward in spring time, development of generative shoots, yielding and yield structure of the first regrowth in pure stands and in two mixtures. The field study was carried out during 2010–2014 at the Agricultural Plant Collection of Agronomy Department of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. The objects of the study were seven cultivars of low-growing grass species with different earliness of generative shoots: Lolium perenne (Bajka, Diament, Gagat, Naki), Poa pratensis (Eska-46, Skiz) and Festuca rubra (Reda). They were sown in pure stand and in two meadow mixtures (early, mid-early). In the years of full utilization (2011–2014) three cuts were made each year. Tillers density (ground cover with plants), growth rate of sward (in the first regrowths), earliness (development of shoots), yielding and yield structure (share of generative shoots in the first regrowth yield) in pure stands and in two mixtures with different earliness were evaluated. In the sowing year and in the third year of full utilization the underground biomass in the topsoil (0–10 cm) was also determined and root-to-shoot ratio was calculated.The species with the greatest diversity in terms of earliness between cultivars was L. perenne (5–9 days); there were smaller differences between cultivars of P. pratensis. The L. perenne cvs. were ranked, in terms of their earliness, in the following order: Naki (early), Diament and Gagat (mid-early), Bajka (late). It was found that L. perenne cv. Bajka was characterized by a greater tolerance to changing weather conditions (drought and frost) compared to other cultivars of that species. This indicates that it is more persistent and suitable for mixtures, both on leys and permanent grassland. Among P. pratensis cvs., Eska-46 revealed more favorable features. In the mixtures, the cultivars of L. perenne were dominated in the first year of utilization, but in the next years the share of them was reduced to a few percent. The participation of cultivars of F. rubra and P. pratensis in the yields of mixtures was small over the whole period of the study; the largest was in the fourth year of utilization. P. pratensis cvs. eveloped better and had a greater share in the yield of mid-early mixture (approx. 10%)

Authors and Affiliations

Maria Janicka, Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz, Grażyna Mastalerczuk

Keywords

earliness growth rate generative shoots grass cultivars mixtures pure stands under - ground biomass yield

EP ID EP360993
DOI -
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