LATIN COMPOSITE ADJECTIVES IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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LATIN COMPOSITE ADJECTIVES IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Journal Title: Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology» - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 263

Abstract

Introduction. The adjective belongs to the largest lexical and grammatical class of words in Latin. The word building of composite adjectives, physical means of expression, methods and types of formation are still completely unsolved. The subject of the research is the word building of Latin composite adjectives by which the potential of modern medical terminology is implemented. Рurpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the types of composite adjectives formation by methods of word building and compositional formation, complicated by suffixation. To achieve the above mentioned purpose of the research, the following objectives were formulated: to identify the composite adjectives in Latin medical terminology; to describe their structural, typological and graphic features. Results. Morphological criteria for the definition of a compound word are combination of its components in a single unit with a single paradigm. It is the integrity of the design and the nature of syntactic relations, functional indivisibility that distinguishes compound word from the phrase. Compound words have an inherent corresponding structure, which turns out to be in a certain sequence and has the only main stress. (T.V. Zherebilo, 2010). It is found in compound adjectives. Adjective composites of Latin adjectives are formed in two ways; by word building and stem building, complicated by suffixes. As the base of the word building the main component is the independent adjective that introduces the composite into the grammar class of adjectives and depicts it in grammatical respect, such as: fibromucósus: fibro – mucous: the first component is fibr(о)- + reference adjective mucosus mucous fibromucósus (fibromucósus is the adjective of the first declension); vesicoureterális vesicoureteral: the first component is < vesic(о)- + reference adjective ureterаlis urinary (vesicoureterális the adjective of the third declension). The second component of the adjective clarifies the notion of the word that is located in the first part of the word. In the research devoted to the existence of adjectival composites operating in modern medical terminology, different parts of the language approach with usage of different principles of analysis of complex words was used. Compound adjectives, which were formed on the base of word - building, are divided into such subtypes: the adjectives that were formed on the basis of combination of a noun and an adjective (substantivum + aljectivum: S + A); by a combination of two stems of a noun and a reference adjective (S + S + A); by a combination of the stems of a noun, adjective and reference adjective (S + A + A); by a combination of the stem of the adjective and the reference adjective (А + А); by the stem of the adjective and reference adjective (А + А), which were combined by the value of the properties and their additional shades or the shades of the color, which marked the second part of the composite adjective; by combination of the stem of the adjective and reference adjective (Adv. + A); by a combination of the stem of the Participle and reference adjective (Part. + A); compound adjectives, the first component of which is Numeral, the second part is the reference adjective (Num. + A); by composites, the first part is Pronoun, the second is reference adjective (Pron. + А). The system of word building has undergone significant changes. In modern terminological word building the structural units of Greek origin are used more often. Typical mixing of Latin and Greek elements in single compound unit is a characteristic feature for medical terminology. Under the influence of Greek examples of word building to combine a completed stems of the words, even in Latin models, the single vowel, usually -o- is added to the end of the root (stem), that became the composite index by itself (V.F. Novodranova, 1999), for example, cerebrospinális spinal: < cеrebrum, i n big brain + spinаlis which refers to the spine. In the middle of the system of the word building, new word units appear and they are called terminological elements. Composite adjectives that are formed by terminological elements reflect the general principles of common word compounding, such as: dermatopáthicus dermatopatic < dermat(о)- (from Greek derma) – a part of the word, that means “ skin “ + path- (from Greek pathos) – a part of the word that means “disease”. Originality. The types of word building of composite adjectives of morphological motivation that has characteristic features for modern medical terminology are defined in the following article. Conclusion. The above formed composite adjectives have new meaning in their semantic and grammatical aspect. In one-word lexical unit the last component is a reference adjective that enrolls it in the appropriate grammatical class and forms a word in grammatical respect. On the phonetic level the composite adjectives are the compound words with the stress on the last component. Different parts of speech are used for the creation of compound adjectives. Combinations of a noun – adjective and an adjective - adjective are the examples of fruitful types of word building. The components are combined together by interfix more often with letter -o-, at least - with letter -i-, by their composition they are preferably two-component. Linguistic interest of composite adjectives are formed by a combination of two or more words or more words or word forms in a compound word, the study of which will enrich our knowledge about Latin adjective.

Authors and Affiliations

M Teleky

Keywords

EP ID EP369379
DOI -
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