Lumpy skin disease of cattle: epizootology, characterization of the pathogen, diagnosis
Journal Title: Бюлетень "Ветеринарна біотехнологія" - Year 2017, Vol 31, Issue
Abstract
Introduction. Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) of cattle is a viral highly contagious transboundary disease of cattle characterized by the formation of necrotizing skin nodules. The OIE requires compulsory notification of this disease through significant economic losses during the outbreak. Since there is an increase of the number of LSD outbreaks in the world, as well as in the Russian Federation that shares borders with our country, there is a threat of pathogen introduction into the country.The goal of the work was to analyze and generalize the data on the geographical distribution of LSD in the world, main characteristics of the pathogen, factors that contribute to its spread, and the methods of its diagnosis.Materials and methods. We analyzed the data on LSD from scientific publications, European directives and regulations on LSD prevention and control, data of the OIE.Results of research and discussion. LSD was first described in 1929 in Northern Rhodesia, and in the 1940s the disease was detected in other South African countries. Over the next decades, the disease spread to the north of the African continent. In 2015, it was registered in the Russian Federation, Dagestan, Armenia and Cyprus, and in 2016 - in Bulgaria, Montenegro, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Serbia and Albania.The LSD causative agent is the DNA-containing virus of the Neethling group, which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus, the family Poxviridae.Cattle and Asian buffalo are susceptible to the LSD virus.Routes of the virus transmission have not been elucidated yet, but it is believed that vector- borne is the main one with bloodsucking insects.The LSD diagnosis should be performed comprehensively including epizootic data, clinical signs, pathological changes and laboratory studies that are classical polymerase chain reaction with agarose gel detection, real-time PCR and serological diagnostic methods (ELISA, less often Western blot), but “gold standard” is the neutralization test.Conclusions and prospects for further research. LSD is not officially registered in Ukraine nowadays, therefore, the main focus should be on preventing the introduction of the pathogen from reporting countries. For this purpose it is necessary to strictly control the import of animals, their slaughter products, milk and dairy products, and it is urgent to develop and implement in practice methods for LSD laboratory diagnosis as well, which is the prospect of our further research.
Authors and Affiliations
L. Ishchenko, Larysa Muzykina, Anna Kovalenko, Ihor Halka, Natalia Hudz, Serghiy Nychyk, V. Spyrydonov
Keywords
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- EP ID EP266039
- DOI 10.31073/vet_biotech31-07
- Views 149
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