Manifestations of patients infected with malaria: a cross sectional study highlighting the comparison of Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum on hematological and clinical basis.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 6
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the frequency of clinical features in Plasmodium falciparum and vivax. Furthermore it also assessed the comparison of hematological parameters in patients infected with these species. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study with the use of convenient sampling technique performed in Baqai medical university from April 2010 to April 2012. A total of 191 patients were selected who presented with fever and were diagnosed with malaria on Immunochromatographic technique and microscopy. The patients who were positive for P. vivax malaria were categorized as group A and with P. falciparum malaria were categorized as group B. The demographic data like age and gender were noted with clinical features and hematological parameters. Thick and thin films were prepared and stained with Leishman`s stain and examined under the microscope to identify the p. vivax and p. falciparum. SPSS version 20.0 was used for analysis. Chi square test and t test was used to assess the association. P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Among the total of 191 patients the mean age was 26.3 ±4.6 years with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Fever was the common symptom and found in 100% of the cases in both the groups. The comparison of clinical features of both the groups showed that it was highly significant in jaundice (p-value<0.001), splenomegaly (p-value<0.001), bleeding (p-value=0.001) and hepatomegaly ((p-value=0.03) whereas it was not significant in pallor. They were highly significant in all measured parameters including hemoglobin (p=0.001), red blood cell count (0.001) and total leucocyte count (p=0.005), while was not significant in platelet count (p=0.348).Blood cytopenias are known complication of malarial infection. as Group A showed bicytopenia in 47(43%), pancytopenia in 11(10%) patients while results of 49 (47%) patients were normal. Similarly in group B, it was found in 39 (46%), 15 (17%) and 30 (37%) patients respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that Plasmodium falciparum was an important cause of severe malaria. In fact, the comparison of malarial cases showed a significant difference in severity of symptoms and hematological parameters in vivax and falciparum. Furthermore, pancytopenias were found to be the complications of malarial infection which were more pronounced in P. falciparum.
Authors and Affiliations
Madiha Ariff
Keywords
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