Melasma: A Clinical and Epidemiological Study
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 10
Abstract
Introduction: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder seen predominantly in females, presenting as pigmented patches in exposed skin mostly on face. Its etiopathogenesis is unknown, however genetic, hormonal factors and UV radiation may contribute to its pathogenesis. Our present research aimed to study the epidemiology and clinical patterns of melasma. Material and Methods: A total of 70 patients were enrolled for the study over a period of one year. The diagnosis of melasma was made clinically and based on the characteristic patterns of melasma, the patients were divided into centrofacial, malar or mandibular. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 49 years. Majority of cases were seen in the age group of 30-39 years (47.1%). The duration of disease ranged from 4 months to 8 years. Patients from rural areas (64.3%) outnumbered those from urban areas (35.7%). Out of 45 patients dwelling in rural areas, majority (68.9%) had a history of sunlight exposure in the form of working in fields with fewer (31.1%) patients having a history of staying mostly indoors. Statistical analysis showed a significant association of exposure to sunlight with the dwelling area (p <0.001).A positive family history was observed in 5 (7.1%) patients. Centrofacial was the most common pattern (74.3%) observed in the present study. Wood's lamp examination showed epidermal type being the most common in 64.3%% followed by mixed and dermal type seen in 21.4% and 14.3% respectively. Conclusion: The exact pathogenesis of melasma is unknown. The present study tends to analyse the epidemiology, clinical patterns, and etiological factors in the causation of this pigmentary disorder.
Authors and Affiliations
Iram Qazi, Naina K Dogra, Devraj Dogra
Keywords
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