Metabolic and Biochemical Profiling of Phenolic Compound and their Biosynthesis in Oil Crops
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 18, Issue 3
Abstract
The oil seed crops are the important sources of phenolic compounds in the human diet. Important oil seed crops include olive and soybean. In Virgin olive oil (VOO) Phenolic compounds is present which are important in regard to dietary and breeding aspects. Study of Olive oil composition shows that it contains two fractions i.e. major and minor fractions with most of its fundamental medical advantages related to its minor fraction. The minor fraction contains phenols, alcohols, tocopherols and some other compounds. The Phenolic compounds is determined by different some genetic and environmental factors and there is a direct connection of phenolic profile of the olive fruit with phenolic profile of VOO. Modern analytical tools are utilized to find a connection between fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, or squalene with the composition of olive fruit and oil. A class of important secondary metabolites, Secoiridods are essentially important part of VOO. The composition of secondary metabolites shows that different parts of olive contains diverse quantities of secondary metabolites e.g. flavonoids quercetin, rutin and luteolin7-glucoside are present only in the fruit peel. salidroside and nuzhenide are only found in the seed of olive tree. The investigation of early steps of the flavonols biosynthesis pathway shows that CHI (Chalcone--flavanone isomerase) is a crucial gene for flavonol production. The role of phenol toward ecological aspects is of vital importance because they assume a critical job in the plant reaction to ecological signs. Genes which regulate and degrade various secondary compounds in olive fruits are still not defined due to unavailability of sequencing data of olive.The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea is the most imperative tree of the Mediterranean region, which accounts for 95% olive trees that are developed globally Loumou and Giourga [1]; Khan et al. [2]. Olive oil is the 6th abundant vegetable oil manufactured globally so we can say that prime objective behind olive plant production is oil extraction Conde et al. [3]; Peragon et al. [4]. Olea europaea is a specie that contains 46 chromosomes in each cell (diploid chromosome 2n=46). Seed development is an important process in olive and seeds are produced via out crossing. Khadari et al. [5]; Lee et al. [6]; Busconi et al. [7]. These seeds have the capacity to stay feasible for long term. It is a glycophytic specie and is more resistant towards stresses like salinity and dry season when contrasted with other fruit trees that are susceptible to these stresses. Oil which is solely taken out from fruits is generally called Olive oil. However, the term “virgin olive oil (VOO)” represents the oil that is separated from fruits by utilizing physical or mechanical approaches. Gila et al. [8] So, for the purpose of virgin olive oil production we can apply different techniques like cleaning with water, process of decantation, separation by the process of centrifugation and removing impurities by the process of filtration. However, such conditions should be necessarily provided, that supports adjustments (IOOC, 2014). The importance of Virgin olive oil (VOO) inside the Mediterranean eating regimen is due to the fact, that it is surely an advantageous everyday nutrition for human wellbeing and is considered as an important part of daily diet Estruch et al. [9], Sahyoun et al. [10]. Europe is producing 78% of olive oil in the world production. While “Picual” and “Arbequina” are the two cultivars which isessential Spanish varieties regarding oil generation and Spain being the its biggest maker has produced average of 1.3 million tons’ oil in the course of recent years. Most of those cultivars are grown frequently, precise breeding methods are now undertaking to create new varieties. Bellini et al. [11]; Lavee et al. [12]. The phenolic components which were separated from the seeds of soyabean had effective anti-cancer activities which include gastric, breast, ovarian, prostate and colorectal cancers Belaj et al. [13]; Dong et al. [14]; Niedzwiecki et al. [15].
Authors and Affiliations
Ali Muhammad Ali Rushdi, Zulqarnain Zulqarnain, Muhammad Saad Jamil, Muhammad Akif ur Rehman, Muhammad Abdur Rehman, Hameed Alsamadany, Zahid Hussain Shah
Keywords
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- EP ID EP620735
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.18.003166
- Views 117
- Downloads 0
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