MODEL ORGANISMS USED IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OR MEDICAL RESEARCH
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Pharmacy (IRJP) - Year 2011, Vol 2, Issue 11
Abstract
A model organism is a non-human species that is studied to understand specific biological phenomena with the expectation that investigations made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. The model organisms are widely used to explore potential causes and treatments for human as well as animal diseases when experiments on animals or humans would be unfeasible or considered less ethical. Studying model organisms may be informative, but care must be taken when generalizing from one organism to another. Often, model organisms are chosen on the basis that they are amenable to experimental manipulation. When researchers look for an organism to use in their studies, they look for several traits. Among these are size, generation time, accessibility, manipulation, genetics, conservation of mechanisms and potential economic benefit. As comparative molecular biology has become more common, some researchers have sought model organisms from a wider assortment of lineages on the tree of life. There are many model organisms, such as viruses (e.g., Phage lambda virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, etc.), bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio fischeri, etc.), algae (e.g., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Emiliania huxleyi, etc.), molds (e.g., Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa, etc.), yeasts (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ustilago maydis, etc.), higher plants (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, Lemna gibba, Lotus japonicus, Nicotiana tabaccum, Oryza sativa, Physcomitrella patens, Zea mays, etc.) and animals (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans, guinea pig, hamster, mouse, rat, cat, chicken, dog, frog, Hydra, Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly, fish, etc.).
Authors and Affiliations
Govind Pandey
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP140256
- DOI -
- Views 102
- Downloads 0
PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are needle-like potential carriers of bioactive including drug, genes and proteins. This review considers several techniques that have been developed for fabricating, purifying and functionalizing...
FORMULATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLET OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM USING CROSS LINKED STARCH UREA
The présent works aims to develop controlled release matrix tablet of diclofenac sodium with modified starch cross linked starch urea as an sustained release polymer and to evaluate the prepared dosage form for physical...
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTI-CATARACT ACTIVITY OF TRIPHALA AND ITS CONSTITUENTS
Cataract is referred as clouding of lens of the eyes, a major cause of blindness all over the world. There is a wide spread belief that the herbal medicines have fewer side effects compared to allopathic medicines. Hence...
HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR EMBELIN ESTERS DERIVATIVES
A simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated for the derivative of the Embelin Esters substituted derivatives. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase con...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING INDOMETHACIN USING NATURAL POLYMERS
Aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate an oral pulsatile drug delivery system using natural superdisintegrants and natural polymers to achieve time release of Indomethacin, based on chronopharmaceutical ap...