MODERN DIRECTIONS OF PLAY-THERAPY
Journal Title: Наукові праці. Серія "Педагогіка" - Year 2017, Vol 293, Issue 281
Abstract
Today various methods of social rehabilitation are used in Ukraine. Among the modern directions of social rehabilitation of children with impaired mental and physical development the following are the most common: art therapy, dolphin therapy, hippotherapy, neuron-developmental therapy, Montessori therapy, method of Vojt, conductive education (method of Peto). Art therapy – is one of the methods of social work, based on the potential of art to achieve improvements in the emotional, intellectual and personal growth. Everyone can express themselves through lines, colors, sounds or movements to gain new experience of nonverbal communication to help facilitate future relationships with other people. Art therapy is a relatively new method of social work. Currently, it covers all types of art classes, which are held in hospitals and health centers. Drawing, painting, or sculpture is a safe way to relieve stress, and thus eliminate aggression in a nonverbal way. It also promotes progress in medical and therapeutic measures. Subconscious conflicts and inner feelings are easier expressed through visual images than talking during verbal interaction. Art therapy – is a treatment based on involving the child in the arts. The child learns to communicate with the outside world at the ecosystem level, using visual, motor and sound expressing tools. It can independently express its feelings, needs and motivation for its behavior, activity and communication necessary for its full development and adaptation to the environment. Art therapy, as an innovative method of social work, should be used within a complex functional and comprehensive system of medical and social rehabilitation of children with disabilities, as its use increases cognitive activity of children, promotes sensory and motor development focuses. General trends and conditions of art therapy are similar to other methods of rehabilitation used in the rehabilitation of children with organic lesions of the nervous system. Dolphin therapy – is a new direction of social rehabilitation that works in Ukraine. It is an alternative, nontraditional method of social work, where the communication between man and dolphin is in the center of the therapeutic process. It is a specially organized process that takes place under the supervision of a team of specialists: physician, veterinarian, trainer, psychologist (psychotherapist, pathologists, teacher). Researchers believe that communication with dolphins brings not only aesthetically pleasure, but also therapeutic benefit: emotions that the child experiences heal emotional wounds and normalize mental condition. There are hypotheses that the ultrasonic waves, emanated from dolphins, have favorable influence as well. Hippotherapy – the treatment method which is based on the child’s interaction with the horse, adapted to possibilities of the child to learn riding. When riding on a horse’s back, the muscles of the animal make three-dimensional movements which massage the muscles on the child’s legs. The importance of the horse therapy is to simulate skills of the child’s body, communicate with others, increase self-esteem and transfer new experiences into everyday life. The hippotherapy has therapeutic and preventive influence on the child’s body and promotes activation of the restructuring functions. So, having researched the basic modern directions of social rehabilitation of children with mental and physical disabilities, we determined the most common of them: art therapy, dolphin therapy, hippotherapy, neurondevelopmental therapy, Montessori therapy, therapy of Vojt, conductive education (method of Peto), etc. It is important to note that each of these methods should be systemic, task-oriented and used by specialists in accordance with the special needs of the child.
Authors and Affiliations
H. V. Koval
Keywords
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