Abstract

The current paper monitored the graduates of Payame Noor University (PNU) and the project has been done in the institute for open and distance learning. Most of the countries in the world deal with the issues of employment. The task is more complicated in the third world countries for the variety of factors, which some of them are unknown to the third world countries. Today, the country’s macro management seek for scientific methods to identify and control the problematic factors in employment. Besides, they tend to convert challenges into opportunities to accelerate the development move. Universities and higher education institutions undertake missions such as knowledge production, training of specialised manpower needed by the society, technology development, innovation, and creativity. Nowadays, experts believe that sustainable development is only achieved through the application of modern knowledge and advanced technology. The labour market is one of the four markets defined in the economics that the presence of human factor differentiates it from other markets such as money market, capital market, and commodity market. Excess supply of manpower compared to its demand in the labour market is one of the main reasons of unemployment, especially youth unemployment. Thus, continuity of unemployment and its increasing double-digit rate over the past few decades in different countries reflects non-equilibrium in supply and demand and is a sign of structural problems of the market. In this research, after discussing the challenges and opportunities of higher education system in the employment of students, the effective factors are divided into two groups of internal and external factors. Finally, the demographic variables will be considered separately according to these factors.

Authors and Affiliations