Morpho-Physiological and Yield Responses of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) to Foliar Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid under Drought Stress
Journal Title: Journal of Agroecology - Year 2024, Vol 15, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction Drought conditions are one of the most important abiotic stresses in the world. In the first place, the best way to prevent the reduction of crop yields in drought conditions is to use natural compounds that play a key role in growth, development, and response to environmental stresses. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family, a plant with high nutritional value and rich in protein as a future crop. Due to the high resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, global demand for quinoa is increasing, and its global production is less than market purpose. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted during the 2020-2021 cropping season as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Zabol University (UOZ) research farm, Iran. The main plot factor was irrigation regimes at three levels: 1- Irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement (control), 2- Deficit irrigation equal to 75% crop water requirement (mild stress), 3- Deficit irrigation equal to 50% crop water requirement (severe stress) and six levels of foliar application was assigned to the subplot: Control (sprayed with distilled water without ethanol), 70% ethanol, 0.5 mM SA, 0.5 mM MeJA, 1 mM SA and 1 mM MeJA. This study measured plant height, stem diameter, panicle dry weight, root dry weight, dry matter, seed yield, harvest index, stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll florescence and water use efficiency. Determination of irrigation interval and crop water requirement was based on CROPWAT 8.0 software and the Penman-Mantis equation. For plant coefficients, used FAO default data. Irrigation planning was determined with 85% efficiency, and the water volume of each plot was calculated using a digital water meter. Results and Discussion The results revealed that the irrigation 50% crop water requirement (severe stress), regime increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency, and root dry weight, whereas it did not significantly affect Fv/Fm, stomatal conductance, and harvest index. The highest plant height, with a mean of 144.02 cm, was obtained from 100% crop water requirement and 1 mM SA, and the lowest, with a reduction 71.5%, was obtained at 50% crop water requirement and no spraying conditions. Quinoa had 54.3% higher seed yield than control under drought stress conditions owing to unaffected Fv/Fm and stomatal conductance and less electrolyte leakage. Spraying 1 mM MeJA and SA increased chlorophyll fluorescence (22.4%), stomatal conductance (53.4%), and harvest index (38%). In severe drought stress (supply 50% crop water requirement), foliar application significantly increased the water use efficiency (from 0.2 to 1.1 kg m-3). In severe drought stress, increased quinoa seed yield was due to an increase in water use efficiency. According to the results, drought stress decreased physiological and seed yield traits; 1 mM MeJA could increase the seed yield (292.93 g m-2) and partially compensate for the reduction caused by drought stress. Also, seed yield with a mean of 281.96 g m-2 was in the second rank at 1 mM MeJA application and 75% crop water requirement (mild stress) conditions. Fv/Fm ratio was not significantly affected by drought stress. The highest harvest index was observed in 1 mM MeJA and SA compared to the control. Therefore, to minimize the effect of drought stress, we could recommend using 1 mM MeJA. Conclusion The least stress treatment for quinoa economic yield supply was 100% crop water requirement (control) and 1 mM MeJA application. Also, the average seed yield (281.96 g m-2) was at the second rank in 1 mM MeJA and 75% crop water requirement (mild stress) treatment. It seems that stress tolerance mechanisms study and MeJA foliar application are necessary, especially in areas with less water, and we need to develop crops that are possible to produce high quantities with require low water in farms.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohamad Forouzandeh,Soheil Parsa,Ali Izanloo,Sohrab Mahmoodi,
Keywords
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- EP ID EP731353
- DOI https:// doi.org/10.22067/agry.2022.73671.1080
- Views 32
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