Multiculturalism as a Philosophical Concept
Journal Title: Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка - Year 2016, Vol 82, Issue 1
Abstract
Today most of the world is a multiethnic, which in turn creates a number of problems related to cultural plurality and heterogeneity of the communities. Globalization processes, while integrating and unifying the international community, at the same time meet resistance from local communities who are trying to preserve their own cultural identity. Under the influence of globalization trends cause mass migration, resulting in the developed countries of North America and Western Europe having more and more "mosaic" community of different ethnic, cultural and religious dimensions. Therefore, the relevance of reconciling the interests of different cultures and building a stable, non-conflict society increases. Implementing the practice of multicultural paradigm leads to: increase the proportion of the Muslim population as a result of immigration to the host countries; the emergence of new threats to national security (terrorism, extremism, crimes, etc.); the emergence and growth of social tension between immigrants and the indigenous population and cultural minorities and others. All this is the evidence that the question whether multiculturalism is a problem or a solution still remains open. Equally important is the study of the sources of multiculturalism and disclosure of their essence. Various aspects of multiculturalism is the subject of scientific interest to researchers such as S. Benhabib, B. Berry, P. Buchanan, J. Habermas, N. Glaser, M. Gibernau, W. Kimlika, C. Kukatas, A. Kurop'yatnyk , V. Malakhov, B. Pareja, C. Taylor, V. Tishkov, J. Friedman and others. The historical and comparative methods are used in the article. The article proves that the concept of multiculturalism is a kind of the discussions between the proponents of classical liberalism with an emphasis on individual rights and communitarianism, whose members recognize certain rights for communities. Also the approaches are revealed that attempted understanding of multiculturalism through the concept of "culture", exploring its essence, the relationship of identity as a necessary condition for the existence of the individual and "plurality".
Authors and Affiliations
O. M. Pidskalna
Keywords
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