REDISTRIBUTION OF KDR L1014F AND ACE-1MUTATIONS INVOLVED IN THE RESISTANCE OF VECTORS TO INSECTICIDES IN BENIN
Journal Title: Asian J of Pharm Sci & Tech - Year 2016, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
ABSTRACT In Benin, the malaria control strategy is largely based on vector control using insecticides on long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS). Unfortunately, the development of resistance to insecticides in natural populations of An. gambiae is a major challenge for sustainable vector control for malaria in Africa. Therefore, appropriate follow-up on the sensitivity of An. gambiae s.l to different insecticides and the mechanisms involved in this resistance have been studied on the transect North South of Benin in order to allow the National Control Program against malaria (NCPM) to adapt the choice of these strategies of vector control based on the types of mechanisms of resistance.The larvae and pupae of An. gambiae s.l. have been collected in 27 communities from different ecological zones distributed on the North South transect. The adults from these larvae were exposed to diagnostic doses of DDT 4%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, bendiocarb 0.1%, fenitrothion 1% and pyrimiphos methyl 0.25% according to the standard method of WHO. Specimens of An. gambiae s.l. living and dead from these tests were analyzed for the detection of the kdr mutation West Africa (L1014F) and the Ace - 1 mutation using PCR techniques.The resistance to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin was observed in all localities. As for the bendiocarb, vectors were susceptible in most localities with the exception to the cotton growing areas and areas of cotton crops and indoor residual spray of Insecticide (IRS). The high frequency of alleles L1014F registered in all localities suggests the role of this gene in the resistance of vectors to insecticides. In addition, the Ace-1 mutation was found in the cotton growing areas associated or not to the IRS with low allele frequency ranging from 1.08 to 2.02%.Our results show a wide distribution of the resistance of the populations of An. gambiae s.l. of the different ecological zones to DDT and pyrethroids. The bendiocarb and fenitrothion resistance was observed only in the cotton zones and the cotton zones associated with the IRS. On the other hand, susceptibility is good with pirimiphos-methyl in all ecological zones. The kdr L1410F mutation remains the main mechanism of resistance in An. gambiae s.l.. Key words: Resistance, An. gambiae, pyrethroids, DDT, Bendiocarb, Fenitrothion, Pyrimiphos-methyl.
Authors and Affiliations
Kefilath Badirou,*, Razaki Ossè, Anges Yadouleton, Roseline Attolou1,Ramziath Agbanrin Youssouf1, Virgile Gnaguenon1,Bruno Akin
Keywords
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