Novel methods of cytokine detection: Real-time PCR, ELISPOT, and intracellular cytokine staining
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2009, Vol 63, Issue
Abstract
Cytokines are small hormone-like proteins that play important roles in immune system control. Cytokines regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells and hematopoiesis and act as mediators in the inflammatory reaction. Changes in cytokine levels are found in many diseases, such as sepsis, bowel inflammatory disease, autoimmune diseases, as well as graft-versus-host disease. Cytokines levels can be detected using in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo techniques. The level of cytokine produced can be measured by immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) in supernatant after cell culture with the addition of stimulant and in plasma by techniques that measure the level of cytokine secretion in cells (e.g. immunohistochemical staining, ELISPOT, and intracellular cytokine staining), and by molecular biological methods (RPA, real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, and Northern blot). Detection of cytokine mRNA in tissues is useful in the direct determination of heterogenic populations of cytokine-producing cells. Nowadays the most frequently used methods for measuring cytokine level are ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining with flow cytometry detection, and real-time PCR. These methods have an important clinical role in vaccine efficacy, in viral, bacterial, and verminous diagnostics, and in determining the efficacy of cancer treatment.
Authors and Affiliations
Eliza Turlej
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP66328
- DOI -
- Views 190
- Downloads 0
In vitro cytotoxicity of ranpirnase (onconase) in combination with components of R-CHOP regimen against diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line
Ranpirnase (onconase; ONC) is an endoribonuclease obtained from the frog Rana pipiens. This enzyme exhibits anticancer properties mediated by degradation of cellular RNA and induction of apoptosis. In this study we asses...
Increased percentage of CD8+CD28– suppressor lymphocytes in peripheral blood and skin infiltrates correlates with advanced disease in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Introduction: T cells with the CD8+CD28– phenotype are CD8+ lymphocytes with regulatory function. Their increased numbers were observed in infections, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, and in elderly healthy individual...
Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s disease: Progress or regress?
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS),characterized by a slow loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to significantdecrease in dopamine (DA)...
Rola receptorów zmiataczy klasy A, SR-A i MARCO, w układzie odpornościowym. Część 1. Budowa receptorów, repertuar wiązanych ligandów i zdolność do transdukcji sygnału
W rozpoznaniu patogenów przez komórki odporności wrodzonej pośredniczą tzw. receptory rozpoznające wzrorce molekularne (PRR), do których zaliczane są receptory zmiatacze (SR). Receptory zmiatacze klasy A, SR-A/CD204 i M...
Plant and microbial sources of antioxidants
In recent years there has been growing interest in substances with antioxidative properties, which reduce or prevent harmful effects of free radicals on living tissues, and inhibit aging processes and the development of...