Peace, Justice and Democracy in the Multiethnic Societies: Consociational Democracy with Emphasis on Comparative study of Iraq and Bosnia
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
Restoration and maintaining peace, justice and democracy in the human societies is a matter that it`s achievement is too difficult due to economic and social gaps. It is obvious that these social and ethnical gaps increases those difficulties and it is natural that mechanisms and rules relating to establishing peace and justice and Democracy in the multiethnic societies is too different in comparison to homogenous societies. There are some studies showing the statistics of domestic war and tensions are more than inter-state wars. Third-fourth of all tensions and wars are allocated to domestic wars in 2013.International community, therefore, must attention to these tensions in the within of states. Most of these tensions and wars are allocated to multiethnic societies. In this article, attempts to settlement of these problems in the multiethnic societies have been studied for establishing peace and justice in these societies. The hypothesis of the author is that consociational democracy is the best possible and ideal system for the deeply divided multiethnic societies. The survey on the Iraq and Bosnia ( in the two different continent ) is for the test of this hypothesis چکیده برقراری و تامین صلح، عدالت و دموکراسی در جوامع انسانی ؛ امری است که تحصیل آن به دلیل وجود شکافهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی با مشکلاتی جدی روبروست. تردیدی نیست که وجود تفاوتهای فرهنگی و قومی بر مشکلات فوق الذکر خواهد افزود و شکاف را متراکم می‌سازد. در نتیجه، طبیعی است که معیارها، تکنیکها و قواعد مربوط به استقرار صلح، عدالت و دموکراسی در جوامع چند قومیتی در مقایسه با جوامع همگن و بسیط متفاوت خواهد بود. مطالعات انجام شده نشان می‌دهد که آمار درگیریها، تنشها و مخاصمات داخلی بسیار بیشتر از درگیریهای بین المللی است. اختصاص نزدیک به سه چهارم تعارضات و مخاصمات روی داده در سال 2013 میلادی نشان از این واقعیت دارد که جامعه بین المللی می‌بایست توجه بیشتری به رفع تنشها و بحرانها در عرصهی داخلی و میان جوامع بشری نشان دهد. در این میان بخش قابل توجهی از تعارضات و مخاصمات داخلی کشورها به جوامعی اختصاص دارد که چند قومیتی هستند. در این مقاله، تلاشهای انجام شده برای تامین عدالت و دموکراسی و در نتیجه ایجاد و تثبیت صلح در جوامع چند قومیتی مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد. فرضیهی نگارنده آن است که در جوامع چند ملیتی و چند قومیتی عمیقاً تقسیم شده ؛ سیستم دموکراسی توافقی؛ تنها راه حلّ ممکن و مطلوب برای اداره آنها و تامین کننده عدالت، صلح و دموکراسی خواهد بود. مطالعهی جوامع چند قومیتی در دو قارهی متفاوت ( عراق و بوسنی ) به این دلیل صورت میگیرد که فرضیهی نگارنده به بوتهی آزمایش گذاشته شود.
Authors and Affiliations
Sattar Azizi
Keywords
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