Potential for a Beneficial Effect of Theophylline on Extended Acute Inflammation: Review
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue 5
Abstract
Inflammation is often prolonged after sepsis, trauma and other acute pro-inflammatory events, particularly above the age of 80 years. Exposure to inflammation of inappropriate amplitude or duration is associated with a higher risk of delirium, anorexia, lethargy, low mood, weakness and other markers of frailty, and with less favourable clinical outcomes. Theophylline has been shown in vitro and in vivo to have an anti-inflammatory effect, probably mediated through induction of histone deacetylase-dependent gene switching in immune competent cells. This is mainly characterized by a reduction in the production and release of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, a consequent fall in CRP and increase in IL-10, and a shift of immune cell phenotypes to the anti-inflammatory mode. This effect occurs at theophylline concentrations in the 5-10 mg/L range, which is below the broncho-dilator range (10-15 mg/L) and carries a relatively low risk of toxicity. We hypothesize that low-dose theophylline treatment given to elderly subjects with acute inflammation, for example due to pneumonia, septicaemia or trauma, will alter the balance of their inflammatory status from an inappropriately extended pro-inflammatory pattern toward a more normalized baseline pattern and thereby reduce the risk of adverse clinical outcomes.
Authors and Affiliations
S. C. Allen, G. T. C. Wong, M. Vassallo, J. S. K. Kwan
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342348
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/31788
- Views 85
- Downloads 0
The Correlation of the MicroRNA129-2 and SOX4 Genes Expression in HPV-infected Cervical Cancer Patients
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common neoplasias in females worldwide. The miRNAs affect cell proliferation and apoptosis in cancers. Low levels of the miR129-2 expression have been linked to human cancer...
Effects of Fermented Soya Bean Supplements on Thyroid Profile and Serum Electrolytes of High Fat Diet-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fermented soya bean supplements on thyroid profile and serum electrolytes of high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes in rabbits. Twenty rabbits weighing between 1 kg –...
Study on Effectiveness of Adding Phenobarbitone to Conventional Therapy in Preterm Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbiliurubinemia in Comparison with Conventional Therapy
Aim: To assess the effectiveness of adding prophylactic phenobarbitone to conventional therapy in preterm neonatal jaundice in reducing the incidence, peak serum bilirubin levels, duration and need of Phototherapy in the...
Preparation, Characterization and Optimization of Poloxamer Solid Dispersions of a Poorly Water Soluble Drug Aprepitant
Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to enhance the dissolution rate of a poorly water soluble drug, aprepitant, by preparation of solid dispersion with hydrophilic carrier, poloxamer 188, using solvent evaporat...
Tegumental Changes in Adult Schistosoma mansoni Induced by a New Imidazolidinic Derivative
Aims: Verify the potential of the schistosomicidal imidazolidine derivative (5Z)-3-(4-bromo-benzyl)-5-(4-chloro-benzylidene)-4-thioxo-imidazolidin-2-one. Study Design: In this study, we tested the imidazolidinic derivati...