PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE TOXICITY OF RAINWATER RUNOFF FROM THE ROOFS WITH VARYING COVERAGE
Journal Title: Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica - Year 2016, Vol 40, Issue 330
Abstract
At present the urban rainwater runoff is considered as one of the main sources of water pollution. The basic load of the contaminants comes from transport infrastructure and some of them have a strong toxic effect on living organisms. An additional source of toxic substances in the urban runoff is rooftop wastewater. Because of variety of roof coverings, a large amount of different chemicals is released into the wastewater that can cause environmental poisoning and degradation. This study investigated the toxicity of rainwater runoff from the four types of roofs: coated with copper, zinc sheet, with tar paper and cement-asbestos sheets to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna Straus. Samples were taken during four independent rainfalls in March and April 2015. The study used the first part of runoff with the greatest concentrations of contaminants. Toxicity was determined by the designation of parameters 24hEC50 and 48hEC50 by Probit and the Graphical Interpolation methods. If the low toxicity of the sample did not allow to determine the EC50 parameter, the parameter EC10 was calculated. Toxicity of runoff from rooftops was compared with the toxicity of rainfall collected directly, without rinsing any surface. It was found that runoff from the roof covered with copper sheets shows the greatest toxicity to Daphnia magna (average 24hEC50 was approximately 0.17%). Runoff from the roof of zinc showed less toxicity (24hEC50 approx. 25.6%), but because of the prevalence of zinc and the galvanized sheet covering, the importance of this metal in toxicity of urban rainwater can be much greater than copper. The smallest toxicity to crustacean has been found for asbestos covering. Rainwater collected directly showed no toxicity to the test organisms.
Authors and Affiliations
Małgorzata JĘDRZEJCZAK
Keywords
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