PROBLEM OF THE FUTURE ARCHITECTS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN THEORY AND PRACTICE OF HIGHER ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Південноукраїнського національного педагогічного університету імені К. Д. Ушинського - Year 2017, Vol 116, Issue 3
Abstract
The article is devoted to the historical aspect of the future architects’ professional training. The artistic component of architectural education in different periods is characterized. The analysis of the main modern approaches to architectural education is presented. The need to develop methods of teaching art dissiplines in the context of specialists’ architectural and design training at higher school is noted. The formation and development of architect’s professional activities are associated with the traditions which have developed in this area and presuppose the synthesis of the artist’s and engineer-technologist’s activities in its structure. In this connection, the goals and content of architectural education were determined, which is represented today by 800 architectural schools in the world, they reflect different ways and means of providing it. The peculiarities of the content of architectural education in leading architectural schools, the main tendencies and approaches to architectural education, the applied pedagogical technologies and methods entirely depend on the direction and approach of an architectural school. There are several basic approaches to architectural education: classical, ecological, environmental, engineering, restoration-targeted and social. The classical approach is distinguished by the balance of technical and artistic education. The purpose of this approach is the synthesis of art, technology and science. The ecological approach in architectural education is focused on international normative documentation in the field of «sustainable development» of the society. The general task of which is the formation of the ecological consciousness of an individual. The environmental approach is aimed at creating a psychologically comfortable, environmentally friendly environment, representing a harmonious combination of old and new components. The engineering approach is used in the structure of universities together with engineering and technical faculties, interacting through a number of common disciplines. The restoration approach is focused on preserving the architectural heritage. The social approach is focused on the reorganization of residential areas. Architecture in this context is viewed simultaneously as a cultural heritage and the expression of cultural ambitions. It is supposed that the study of the historical aspect of the architectural profession formation will facilitate solving the problems of improving the professional training targeted to the future generation of architects. The analysis of the basic models of different architectural schools will enable qualitative improvement of modern architectural and artistic education. The perspective of further research is seen in the study of the experience of artists’ training within architectural education.
Authors and Affiliations
Svetlana Karpova
Keywords
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