Providing land to Cossack elder in the Ukrainian hetman country
Journal Title: Економіка. Фінанси. Право - Year 2019, Vol 5, Issue
Abstract
Introduction. The appeal to the experience of providing the Cossack ruler of land ownership is fully relevant to modern contractors of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account the modern process of providing land plots for military service. Cossack universals were an important source of law in Ukraine in the XVII-XVIII centuries, they were the legal basis for land ownership. After the National Liberation War under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the legal regime of the Ukrainian lands has undergone significant changes. By that time, there were such subjects of land tenure in Ukraine: clergy, tycoons and gentry; Later a new subject appeared - the Cossacks, which gradually turned into a separate social state. Therefore, the purpose of the article deals with the provision of land to the Cossack elder in the Ukrainian Hetman state. The change of the legal regime of the Ukrainian lands is analyzed. The legal grounds for possession of land by the Cossack elder are determined. The main privileges and liberties of the Cossacks and the reasons for their ruin are shown. The process of formation of the Cossack-master's land tenure is shown. The process of increasing the control of the tsarist government over the activities of autonomous institutions, increasing the number of normative acts of autocratic power, issued specifically for Ukraine, as well as the proliferation of imperial laws in its territory, is considered. Results. From the very beginning of the state, the proletarian land tenure existed in two forms: private (hereditary) and rank (temporal). The attempts of the elderly to seize the estates of the expelled Polish and Ukrainian lords did not find support from B. Khmelnytskyi who, in his policy, took into account the interests of the hereditary Cossacks, the intransigence of the peasants and ordinary Cossacks to the restoration of feudal land tenure. The sources of the growth of superintendent land tenure were: occupation of free lands; buying land from Cossacks or peasants; hetman's rendering and rewarding of the royal government from the fund of free military estates. According to hetman Danylo Apostol the main land fund was distributed. The distinction between hereditary and temporarily conditional possession has practically disappeared. Conclusion. Among the representatives of the wealthy Cossacks, the bourgeoisie, the Orthodox gentry and the clergy in the XVIII century. finally formed a separate social stratum - a Cossack elder. In her hands actually took a leading role in the economic, social and political spheres of public life. The Military Conscription of the Registered Cossacks, despite the significant rights and privileges enjoyed by the Cossack state, had a number of negative points. First of all, this was manifested in the ruin of a large part of the Cossacks as a result of prolonged wars and its property and social stratification.
Authors and Affiliations
Vitalii Volodymyrovych Makarchuk
Keywords
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