Qualitative and Quantitative screening of Phytochemicals in polar and non polar solvent extracts of stem bark and leaves of Saraca indica (L.)
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Saraca indica L. (Ashok) is a small evergreen tree. This plant is rich in phytochemicals viz. tannins, flavonoids, steroids, volatile oil, glycosides, various steroidal glycosides, various carbohydrates, gallic acid and egallic acid, sarcasin, sarcadin, waxy substances, proteins, carbohydrates and steroids, fatty acids like oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acid. Saraca asoca has many uses mainly in the medicine to treat the women gynecological disorders, in all types of abnormal discharges from vagina, in uterine inertia, uterine pain, urinary calculus, dysurea, etc. Phytochemical analysis conducted on the Saraca asoca leaves and bark extracts revealed the presence of constituents which are known to exhibit medicinal as well as physiological activities. The phytochemical screening of the bark and leaves of Saraca indica was done with chloroform, petroleum ether, ethanol, methanol, hexane and distilled water. Among the six solvent extracts studied the carbohydrate was present in aqueous extract of bark as evidenced by positive Fehling’s test. All the six solvent extracts of bark showed positive Benedict’s test for carbohydrate. Only the chloroform and hexane extracts of bark showed positive Iodine test for carbohydrate.The phenols and tannins were detected only in chloroform, ethanol, methanol and hexane extracts but not in petroleum ether and aqueous extracts. All the six solvent extracts of bark showed negative alkaline reagent test which indicated the absence of flavonoids. Saponin was detected in four solvent extracts of bark viz. ethanol, methanol, hexane and distilled water as evidenced by positive froth foam test. Glycosides were not detected in any of the six solvent extracts of bark. Phenolic compounds were detected in all extracts except petroleum ether. The steroids were recorded in all the six solvent extracts of bark. In the solvent extracts of leaves of Saraca indica carbohydrates were detected in all the six solvent extracts. Phenols and tannins were detected in all except chloroform and aqueous extracts. Flavonoid was detected in all except chloroform, and saponins in all except chloroform and petroleum ether extracts. Petroleum ether extract showed negative results for the presence of glycosides. In petroleum ether and hexane extract of leaves glycosides were not detected. Phenolic compounds and steroids were detected in all the solvent extracts of leaves except hexane and distilled water extracts. The bark and leaves of Saraca indica contain a significant amount of phytochemicals viz. alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolic, saponins and tannin. The bark of Saraca indica contained relativelely higher amounts of phytochemicals than leaves. The amount of flavonoids in bark was maximum (45.65mg/gm) followed by phenols (25.85mg/gm), alkaloids (20.75mg/gm), saponins (17.65mg/gm) and tannins (16.35mg/gm). The amount of phytochemicals in leaves also showed a similar trend i.e. the amount of flavonoids was maximum (38.75mg/gm), followed by phenol (21.67mg/gm), saponins (18.75mg/gm), alkaloids (18.35mg/gm) and tannins (14.45mg/gm).In all the six solvent extracts it was found that the bark of Saraca indica contained higher amount of phytochemicals in comparison to leaves.
Authors and Affiliations
Sabita . , Rimjhim Sheel, Baidyanath Kumar
Keywords
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- EP ID EP415181
- DOI 10.9790/264X-0405021829.
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