Recent advances in determination of herbicide paraquat in environmental waters and its removal from aqueous solutions: A review
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 10
Abstract
Herbicide paraquat is widely used in agriculture for weed control. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has set a goal of 3 ?g/L for it in drinking water. Also, the European Union Directive (98/83/EC) is more restrictive and has set a maximum admissible concentration at 0.1 ?g/L for it in drinking water. Besides, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set an advisory value of 10 ?g/L for it in drinking water. To protect the human health and environment from the harmful effects of this herbicide, simple and effective sample preparation, sensitive analytical methods are necessary for determining paraquat in environmental waters and powerful and practical treatment processes for its removal from water matrices are required. In this study, different analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV), optical immunosensor, electrochemical batch-injection analysis (EBIA), liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS) for determination of this herbicide in water samples, and recuperative processes like adsorption, membrane filtration, combination of adsorption and membrane filtration processes, and destructive processes like advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) i.e. ozonation, photocatalytic, Fenton’s reaction and electrochemical processes for its removal from aqueous solutions have been reviewed. Also, the future developments of removal methods of this herbicide have been discussed.
Authors and Affiliations
Sh. Jafarinejad| Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, University of Environment, Karaj, Iran, email: jafarinejad83@gmail.com
Keywords
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