Regional analysis of minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia
Journal Title: The Odisha Journal of Psychiatry - Year 2015, Vol 22, Issue 1
Abstract
Morphological evidence of the developmental insults has been consistently documented in schizophrenia patients in the form of minor physical anomalies (MPAs). Schizophrenia patients with higher number of MPAs are considered as a subgroup of Schizophrenia having clear developmental basis. But so far no study has found any specific MPA that is consistently or exclusively present in this subgroup of schizophrenia. We analyzed regional MPAs in schizophrenia patients having higher and lower number of MPAs and healthy controls. Methodology: 105 schizophrenia patients and 50, agematched, right-handed healthy controls were assessed for MPAs on the Extended Waldrop Scale (EWS). Patients were median-split into high- (H) and low-MPA (L) groups based on EWS scores and were assessed for psychopathology on positive and negative syndrome scale PANSS). Group differences for the continuous and categorical variables were computed using oneway ANOVA and Fisher's exact test, respectively. Comparison of clinical variables between the H and L groups was done using Independent t-test and Fisher's exact test. Individual and region-wise comparison of MPAs among groups was done using one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation was then conducted. Results: The MPA scores ranged from O to 8 with a median of 2.5. H group had significantly higher total (p<.01), and regional - head and face (p<.01); elsewhere (p<.01) number ofMPAs than lowMPA and healthy groups. Although nineMPAs were found exclusively in the H group, only prominent forehead (p<.001) and lack of ear lobe (p<.01) reached statistical significance. In the H group, significant positive correlation (r= .52, p=.012) between asymmetric size of ears and PANSS general scores. Conclusions: Regional specificity of MPAs in schizophrenia is significant from a neurodevelopmental point of view. Prominent forehead and lack of ear lobe are the specific MPAs which would be found in the developmentally buttressed schizophrenia group.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Sai Krishna Tikka, Dr. S Nizamie Haque, Dr. Basudeb Das, Dr. Nishant Goyal
Keywords
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