Review on Leishmaniasis
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 5
Abstract
Leishmanios is, is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and spread by the bite of certain types of sand flies. It is a represent a complex of diseases with identical clinical and epidemiological diversity. They depending on clinical symptoms having 3 different species: cutaneous Leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The diff stage involvement to produce infection. This infection diagnosis is the depending on the severity of the diease. The cutaneous leishmaniasis is a not more dangerous compare two other types of leishmaniasis. The diff techniques are available for diagnosis purpose. The efficacy of treatment varies with the type of infecting species and resistance pattern. The persistent lack of vaccine against human leishmaniasis is a result of the poor investment in this neglected parasitosis. Leishmaniasis is a leave alone vector-borne tropical infection that is considered to be a disease of penury. Mostly concentrated in poor countries within South East Asia, East Africa and Latin America, leishmaniasis is endemic in several Mediterranean countries making this parasitosis disease for local inhabitants as well as for travellers. The protean manifestations of leishmaniasis, if convied, range from cutaneous, which if left untreat may result in disfiguring scars associated with social stigma, to likely lethal disseminated infections. Among all parasitic diseases, mortality from leishmaniasis is second to malaria, and in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs), the third common origin of morbidity after malaria and schistosomiasis, with children <15 years suffering all of the disease burden.1 The expand in the number of immunosuppressed separate, secondary to HIV infection, post transplant and chemotherapeutic agents and the recently introduced biologic therapies for chronic inflammatory conditions, has resulted in a multiplication in leishmaniasis. These are mature Infection with Leishmania species can result in 3 types of disease depending on the species, geographic region and host immune response. 1. Leishmania donovani produces visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): Symptoms include fever (often 2 fever spikes per day), expansion of the spleen and liver, weakness, and continuing emaciation. The disease is often fatal without treatment, but survivors often develop immunity. 2. Leishmania tropica and L. mexicana produce cutaneous leishmaniasis: which is distinguished by skin lesions (oriental sore). Infected macrophages having amastigotes are found predominantly at the site of infection around the sores. The sores are characterized by a rise rim encircling the lesion. The sores generally heal by themselves within a year, but secondary bacterial infections are potential in open sores [1-5]. 3. Leishmania braziliensis produces mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: characterized by lesions near mucosal membranes. The beginning site if infection is a small red papule that ulcerates in a few weeks. The lesions are flat (no raised rim) and often oozing. Infections of the ear, nose and mouth area lead to degeneration of the cartilage and soft tissues, resulting in disfigurement.
Authors and Affiliations
Chiragkumar J Gohil, Jimishaben D Kher
Keywords
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- EP ID EP581108
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000460
- Views 177
- Downloads 0
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